Canada · Ontario Curriculum Expectations
Grade 11 Canadian & World Studies
An exploration of world history to the 16th century, the Canadian legal system, economic theory, and regional geography. Students analyze the forces that have shaped human societies and contemporary Canadian identity.

01Foundations of Ancient Civilizations
Investigating the social, political, and economic structures of early societies and their lasting legacies.
Exploring the social organization, technology, and migration patterns of early human societies.
Analyzing the transition from nomadic lifestyles to settled agriculture and its impact on social hierarchy.
Exploring the innovations of Sumer, including cuneiform, ziggurats, and early city-states.
Examining the rise of the Babylonian Empire and the legal principles embedded in the Code of Hammurabi.
Examining the role of the Pharaoh, religion, and the Nile in maintaining one of history's longest-lasting civilizations.
Investigating the advanced urban planning and mysterious decline of Harappan and Mohenjo-Daro societies.
Exploring the dynastic cycles, Mandate of Heaven, and early political structures of Chinese civilizations.
Comparing the core tenets and societal impacts of foundational Chinese philosophies.
Analyzing the administrative innovations and religious tolerance of the Achaemenid Empire.

02Global Interactions & The Middle Ages
Exploring the interconnectedness of Afro-Eurasia and the Americas before 1500 CE.
Examining the preservation of Roman law and Greek culture in Constantinople and its unique identity.
Investigating the origins of Islam, the life of Prophet Muhammad, and the rapid expansion of the early Caliphates.
Exploring the scientific, mathematical, and philosophical achievements of the Abbasid Caliphate and the House of Wisdom.
Analyzing the economic and cultural exchanges along major medieval trade routes, including goods, ideas, and diseases.
Investigating the maritime trade routes connecting East Africa, the Middle East, India, and Southeast Asia.
Studying the wealth, scholarship, and trans-Saharan trade of West African empires like Mali and Songhai.
Evaluating the impact of the Mongol Empire on global connectivity, warfare, and the 'Pax Mongolica.'
Analyzing the decentralized political and economic systems of Medieval Europe and their social structures.
Investigating the causes, events, and consequences of the Crusades on Europe, the Middle East, and trade.

03Foundations of Canadian Law
Understanding the origins, principles, and institutions of the Canadian legal system.
Defining the fundamental principles of the Canadian legal system, including the rule of law, presumption of innocence, and due process.
Tracing the development of rights from historical documents like the Magna Carta to the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms.
Distinguishing between Statute Law, Common Law, and Constitutional Law as primary sources of Canadian law.
Mapping the hierarchy and jurisdiction of federal and provincial courts in Canada.
Analyzing the structure of the court system and the importance of judicial independence and interpretation.
Exploring the historical and contemporary role of Indigenous laws, restorative justice, and their interaction with Canadian law.
Analyzing Section 2 of the Charter, covering freedom of conscience, thought, expression, assembly, and association.
Examining the rights of individuals in the justice system, including life, liberty, security of person, and protection against arbitrary detention.
Investigating the right to equality before and under the law, and the right to equal protection and benefit of the law.

04Criminal and Civil Law in Action
Applying legal principles to specific cases and understanding the nuances of the justice system.
Examining different categories of homicide and assault, and their legal distinctions.
Examining offenses against property (theft, fraud) and the growing challenge of cybercrime.
Distinguishing civil law from criminal law and understanding its purpose in resolving disputes between individuals.
Understanding the criteria for proving negligence in civil court and the concept of liability.
Examining intentional torts and their distinctions from negligence.
Exploring the legal definitions of marriage, divorce, and custody in Canada, including evolving family structures.
Analyzing the rights and responsibilities of employers and employees, including wrongful dismissal and human rights in the workplace.
Understanding the elements of a valid contract and the legal consequences of breach of contract.
Exploring laws designed to protect consumers from unfair business practices and defective products.

05Economic Theory and the Market
Introduction to micro and macroeconomic concepts within a Canadian context.
Defining the basic economic problem of scarcity, opportunity cost, and the fundamental questions of economics.
Comparing different economic systems (traditional, command, market, mixed) and their characteristics.
Analyzing the law of demand, determinants of demand, and the concept of elasticity.
Understanding the law of supply, determinants of supply, and how producers respond to price changes.
Analyzing how prices are determined in a market economy through the interaction of supply and demand.
Comparing perfect competition, monopolies, oligopolies, and monopolistic competition.
Examining public goods, externalities, and the redistribution of wealth as government interventions.
Investigating how wages are determined, the role of human capital, and the impact of minimum wage.
Exploring the causes and consequences of the wealth gap and different measures of poverty.

06Macroeconomics and Global Trade
Understanding national economic indicators and Canada's place in the global economy.
Investigating how the Federal Government uses spending and taxation to manage the economy.
Examining how the Bank of Canada uses interest rates and other tools to control the money supply and inflation.
Understanding the principles of international trade, including absolute and comparative advantage.
Examining major trade agreements (e.g., USMCA) and the arguments for and against protectionist policies.
Analyzing the forces driving globalization and its economic, social, and cultural impacts.
Understanding how exchange rates are determined and their impact on international trade and investment.
Analyzing the challenges faced by developing economies and Canada's role in international aid.
Exploring the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals and their economic implications.
Examining the economic costs of climate change and the economic arguments for climate action.

07Regional Geography: The Americas
Investigating the physical and human geography of North, Central, and South America.
Mapping the major landforms, climates, and biomes of North America, including Canada and the USA.
Exploring the diverse landforms, climates, and biomes of Central and South America, from the Andes to the Amazon.
Analyzing the extraction of resources (e.g., oil, timber, minerals) and its environmental impact in Canada.
Examining resource extraction (e.g., mining, agriculture) and its environmental and social impacts in Latin America.
Exploring the growth of cities like Sao Paulo, Mexico City, and Toronto, and the challenges of rapid urbanization.
Investigating population growth, distribution, and demographic trends across the Americas.
Investigating push and pull factors for migration within and between American nations.
Examining the geographical aspects of land claims, Indigenous self-governance, and traditional territories.
Exploring the rich cultural tapestry of the Americas, including language, religion, and traditions.

08Equity, Social Justice & Civic Action
Evaluating social issues in Canada and the world, and developing skills for active citizenship.
Defining systemic inequality and exploring the dynamics of power and privilege in society.
Analyzing the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and contemporary violations worldwide.
Examining the social construction of gender, gender roles, and the struggle for LGBTQ2S+ rights.
Investigating the history of Residential Schools and the 94 Calls to Action.
Exploring how environmental degradation disproportionately affects marginalized and Indigenous communities.
Analyzing the role of media in shaping public opinion and the threat of disinformation in a democratic society.
Developing skills for effective civic engagement, including understanding different forms of advocacy and activism.
Reflecting on the responsibilities of being a citizen in an interconnected world and addressing global challenges.
Examining historical and contemporary social movements and their impact on societal change.