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The Interwar Years and the New Deal 1915-1941 · Autumn Term

The Roaring Twenties in Britain: Culture

Students will explore the broader social and cultural impact of the 1920s in Britain, examining changes in lifestyle, entertainment, and the underlying social tensions.

Key Questions

  1. Critique the idea of a 'Roaring Twenties' in Britain, considering regional and class differences.
  2. Assess the social and political implications of new cultural trends and technologies.
  3. Compare the social changes of the 1920s with pre-war Edwardian society.

National Curriculum Attainment Targets

A-Level: History - Britain, 1906-1951A-Level: History - Social and Cultural Change in Interwar Britain
Year: Year 13
Subject: History
Unit: The Interwar Years and the New Deal 1915-1941
Period: Autumn Term

About This Topic

This topic analyses the dramatic rebirth of the Ku Klux Klan in 1915 and its expansion into a national political force during the 1920s. Unlike the first Klan of the Reconstruction era, the second KKK was a formalised organisation with millions of members across the North and Midwest. It expanded its targets beyond African Americans to include Catholics, Jews, and immigrants, framing itself as a defender of '100% Americanism' and traditional Protestant values.

Students examine the role of the film 'The Birth of a Nation' in romanticising the Klan and the sophisticated marketing techniques used to recruit members. They also evaluate the effective counter-campaigns by the NAACP and the internal scandals that led to the Klan's rapid decline by the late 1920s. This topic is crucial for understanding the nativist and reactionary currents in American society. Students benefit from investigating primary source propaganda and role-playing the NAACP's strategic responses to the Klan's influence.

Active Learning Ideas

Watch Out for These Misconceptions

Common MisconceptionThe 1920s KKK was a secret, fringe group of outlaws.

What to Teach Instead

The second KKK was a highly public, mainstream organisation that held massive parades in Washington D.C. and controlled several state legislatures. Peer analysis of parade photos helps students see the Klan as a visible political movement rather than a hidden cult.

Common MisconceptionThe KKK only hated Black people.

What to Teach Instead

The 1920s Klan was 'anti-everything' that wasn't white Protestant, including Catholics, Jews, and 'new' immigrants from Southern and Eastern Europe. Using a Venn diagram activity helps students map the overlapping targets of the Klan's nativist ideology.

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Frequently Asked Questions

Why did the KKK become so popular in the 1920s?
The Klan tapped into post-WWI anxieties about rapid social change, urbanisation, and immigration. By presenting themselves as the guardians of 'traditional' American values and Protestantism, they attracted millions of middle-class members who feared the influence of 'foreign' ideas and the growing visibility of Black and immigrant communities.
How did 'The Birth of a Nation' help the KKK?
The film was a massive box-office success that portrayed the original KKK as heroic saviours of the South. It used innovative filmmaking to make its racist message emotionally powerful, and it was directly used by William J. Simmons to inspire the burning of a cross on Stone Mountain, marking the Klan's rebirth.
What led to the decline of the 1920s KKK?
The Klan's decline was caused by a series of high-profile scandals, most notably the conviction of Indiana Grand Dragon D.C. Stephenson for kidnapping and murder. This exposed the hypocrisy of the 'moral' organisation, leading to a mass exodus of members and a loss of political influence.
How can active learning help students analyse reactionary movements like the KKK?
Active learning allows students to deconstruct the mechanics of propaganda. By examining how the Klan marketed itself as a 'fraternal' and 'patriotic' organisation, students learn to identify the subtle ways that hate groups can enter the mainstream. This critical analysis is more effective than simple lecturing in helping students understand the power of nativist rhetoric.

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