Active learning ideas
This topic examines the evolution of treaty-making from historical agreements to the modern treaty process (comprehensive land claims). Students analyze why modern treaties are necessary in areas where no historical treaties were signed, such as much of British Columbia, Quebec, and the North. They explore the complex negotiation process involving land ownership, resource sharing, and self-government.
Activity 01
Students represent federal, provincial, and Indigenous negotiators, working through a list of 'demands' regarding land, money, and self-government powers.
What is the difference between historical and modern treaties?
Activity 02
Groups research the creation of Nunavut, focusing on how it differs from other provinces and territories in terms of Inuit governance and land rights.
How do comprehensive land claims impact Indigenous sovereignty?
Activity 03
Students compare a one-page summary of a historical treaty with a modern one, identifying three major differences in scope and detail with a partner.
What are the challenges in negotiating and implementing modern treaties?
A few notes on teaching this unit
Watch Out for These Misconceptions
Modern treaties are just about the government giving land back.
They are complex legal contracts that involve 'certainty' for the government and specific rights for Indigenous nations. Role-playing the negotiations shows students the trade-offs involved.
Treaties are only for First Nations.
Modern treaties also involve Inuit and, in some cases, Métis communities. A gallery walk of different treaty areas can help students see the diversity of groups involved.
Methods used in this brief
Traditional Governance Systems
Students explore the diverse and complex traditional governance structures of First Nations, Métis, and Inuit societies prior to European contact. The topic highlights consensus-building and matriarchal systems.
8 methodologies
Pathways to Self-Government
Students investigate contemporary models of Indigenous self-government and the transition away from the Indian Act. The focus is on nation-rebuilding and the exercise of inherent rights.
8 methodologies