Active learning ideas
Before European contact, Indigenous nations had highly sophisticated and diverse governance systems. This topic explores these traditional structures, which often emphasized consensus-building, the importance of Elders, and the central role of women in decision-making (matriarchy). Students learn about the Haudenosaunee Confederacy's Great Law of Peace, the Inuit Qaujimajatuqangit principles, and the Métis way of governance.
Activity 01
Students are given a community issue and must reach a unanimous decision using a consensus model rather than a majority vote, experiencing the time and listening required.
How did traditional Indigenous governance systems function?
Activity 02
Groups research the structure of the Haudenosaunee Confederacy and create a visual representation of how power flows between clans, nations, and the Grand Council.
What role did elders and women play in decision-making?
Activity 03
Students examine primary sources and stories that highlight the specific governance roles of Clan Mothers and Elders in different nations, noting how these differ from Western roles.
How do these systems differ from Western democratic models?
A few notes on teaching this unit
Watch Out for These Misconceptions
Indigenous societies were 'lawless' before Europeans arrived.
Indigenous nations had complex, long-standing legal and governance systems. Simulating a traditional council can help students appreciate the rigor and structure of these systems.
Consensus just means everyone agrees immediately.
Consensus is a rigorous process of discussion, negotiation, and compromise where everyone's voice is heard. A reflection after a consensus simulation helps students understand the work involved.
Methods used in this brief
Modern Treaties and Land Claims
This topic examines the comprehensive land claims process and the negotiation of modern treaties in Canada. Students analyze the successes and challenges of these agreements in achieving self-determination.
8 methodologies
Pathways to Self-Government
Students investigate contemporary models of Indigenous self-government and the transition away from the Indian Act. The focus is on nation-rebuilding and the exercise of inherent rights.
8 methodologies