Canada · Ontario Curriculum Expectations
Grade 1 Science
A hands-on introduction to scientific inquiry through the observation of living things, physical patterns, and environmental changes. Students develop foundational skills in classification and data collection while exploring the interconnectedness of their local ecosystem.

01Living Things and Local Environments
Students investigate the basic needs of plants and animals and how they interact with their surroundings.
Students will differentiate between living and non-living things by observing their characteristics and behaviors through hands-on exploration.
Students will explore the essential requirements for plants to grow and thrive, such as sunlight, water, and soil through direct observation and simple experiments.
Students will investigate what animals need to survive, focusing on food, water, shelter, and space through case studies and role-play scenarios.
Students will identify the main parts of a plant (roots, stem, leaves, flower) and describe their roles through hands-on dissection and labeling activities.
Students will identify external animal body parts and discuss how they help animals move, eat, and protect themselves using visual aids and comparative analysis.
Students will observe and compare young animals with their parents, noting similarities and differences through image analysis and discussion.
Students will investigate different local environments (e.g., forest, pond, garden) and the living things found there through virtual field trips or outdoor exploration.
Students will explore how plants and animals interact with each other and their non-living environment, focusing on simple food chains.
Students will discuss how human actions can change local environments and affect living things through case studies and problem-solving scenarios.
Students will learn about simple ways they can help protect local habitats and conserve resources through project-based learning and brainstorming activities.

02Materials, Objects, and Structures
An exploration of the properties of matter and how the characteristics of materials determine their use in building.
Students will use their senses to describe and classify various materials based on observable properties like color, texture, and flexibility through hands-on stations.
Students will conduct simple tests to determine which materials are strong, weak, bendable, or rigid using various objects and tools.
Students will connect the properties of materials to their appropriate uses in everyday objects through gallery walks and concept mapping.
Students will explore how the base of a structure affects its stability and ability to support weight through hands-on building challenges.
Students will identify common geometric shapes used in structures and understand how they contribute to stability through building activities and observation.
Students will design, build, and test simple structures to meet specific criteria, focusing on stability and strength through iterative design challenges.
Students will identify natural resources used to make everyday objects and discuss their importance through brainstorming and concept mapping.
Students will learn about the importance of reducing waste, reusing items, and recycling materials through project-based learning and community discussions.
Students will engage in a hands-on activity to transform discarded materials into new, useful objects, fostering creativity and problem-solving.
Students will trace the path of discarded materials and understand the impact of waste on the environment through timelines and case studies.

03Energy in Our Lives
Students explore the role of the sun as a primary energy source and investigate how light and sound move.
Students will identify the sun as the primary source of light and heat for Earth through inquiry and concept mapping.
Students will investigate how sunlight can warm objects and surfaces through hands-on experiments and data collection.
Students will explore simple ways humans use the sun's energy for warmth and light through project-based learning and case studies.
Students will identify various natural and artificial sources of light through observation stations and classification activities.
Students will investigate how light travels in a straight line and how objects block light to create shadows through hands-on experiments and role-play.
Students will classify materials based on how much light passes through them using various objects and light sources.
Students will explore how vibrations create sound and experiment with different ways to produce sounds using various materials and instruments.
Students will investigate how to change the pitch (high/low) and volume (loud/soft) of sounds through hands-on experimentation with musical instruments and everyday objects.
Students will understand that sound travels through materials and can be used for communication by constructing simple devices and engaging in role-play.
Students will learn about the importance of protecting their ears from loud noises through case studies and discussions on hearing safety.

04Daily and Seasonal Changes
An investigation into the cycles of the sun and moon and how seasonal changes affect living things.
Students will observe and describe the apparent movement of the sun across the sky throughout the day, noting changes in shadow length and direction.
Students will understand that day and night are caused by Earth's rotation through simulations and model building.
Students will observe and describe the moon's appearance and its changing shapes over time, identifying common phases.
Students will identify and describe the typical weather patterns and characteristics of each of the four seasons through observation and discussion.
Students will observe and record local weather patterns over time and relate them to the seasons using weather charts and graphs.
Students will discuss how human activities and clothing choices change with the seasons through role-play and decision-making activities.
Students will explore how plants change and adapt to different seasons (e.g., losing leaves, blooming) through case studies and gallery walks.
Students will investigate how animals adapt to seasonal changes through migration, hibernation, or changing fur using role-play and jigsaw activities.
Students will explore how the availability of food changes with the seasons for both humans and animals through discussions and brainstorming.
Students will discuss how humans and animals prepare for upcoming seasonal changes through project-based learning and case studies.