The Arts · Grade 9 · Movement and Choreography · Term 3

Dance History: Modern and Contemporary

Tracing the development of modern and contemporary dance, focusing on key innovators and their artistic philosophies.

• Ontario Curriculum Expectations
• DA:Cn10.1.HSII
• DA:Re7.2.HSII

About This Topic

This topic explores the evolution of dance from the early 20th century to the present, focusing on how modern and contemporary forms emerged as reactions against or extensions of classical ballet. Students will investigate pivotal figures like Martha Graham, Merce Cunningham, and Pina Bausch, understanding their unique philosophies and groundbreaking choreographic techniques. The curriculum emphasizes analyzing how these innovators used movement to express new ideas, explore psychological depth, and engage with social and political contexts.

Key questions guide students to consider the radical departures modern dance represented, such as the rejection of rigid technique and narrative structures in favor of personal expression and abstract forms. The study extends to contemporary dance, highlighting its eclectic nature, fusion of styles, and ongoing dialogue with technology and global influences. Students will consider how current societal shifts, from digital culture to social justice movements, continue to shape choreographic innovation and the very definition of dance.

Active learning is crucial for grasping the nuances of dance history. Experiential activities allow students to embody the principles of different styles, fostering a deeper, kinesthetic understanding of choreographic philosophies and historical context. This hands-on approach makes abstract concepts tangible and memorable.

Key Questions

1. How did modern dance challenge the conventions of classical ballet?
2. Differentiate between the choreographic styles of Martha Graham and Merce Cunningham.
3. Predict how current social trends might influence the future direction of contemporary dance.

Watch Out for These Misconceptions

Common Misconception

Modern dance is just 'messy' or untechnical compared to ballet.

What to Teach Instead

This misconception overlooks the rigorous and innovative techniques developed by modern dance pioneers. Hands-on exploration of Graham's contraction and release or Cunningham's spatial concepts reveals the distinct, intentional vocabulary and artistry involved.

Common Misconception

Contemporary dance is simply whatever looks new and different.

What to Teach Instead

Contemporary dance, while eclectic, is rooted in specific choreographic intentions and often responds thoughtfully to cultural contexts. Analyzing video examples and discussing choreographic choices helps students see the underlying structure and meaning, rather than just surface novelty.

Active Learning Ideas

Choreographic Style Exploration: Graham vs. Cunningham

Students research Martha Graham and Merce Cunningham, identifying key movement qualities and choreographic principles. They then attempt to create short movement phrases embodying each style, focusing on contraction/release for Graham and chance procedures for Cunningham.

60 min·Small Groups

Timeline of Innovation: Modern Dance Milestones

In small groups, students research specific innovations or influential choreographers in modern dance (e.g., Isadora Duncan's free movement, Doris Humphrey's fall and recovery). They create a visual timeline, presenting their findings and explaining the significance of each contribution.

75 min·Small Groups

Contemporary Dance Trend Forecasting

Students analyze short video clips of diverse contemporary dance works, discussing current social trends (e.g., technology, globalization, identity politics). They then brainstorm and present predictions for how these trends might influence future choreographic creations.

45 min·Whole Class

Frequently Asked Questions

What are the main differences between modern and contemporary dance?

Modern dance emerged in the early 20th century as a rebellion against ballet, focusing on personal expression and new techniques like Graham's contraction and release. Contemporary dance, evolving from the mid-20th century onward, is more eclectic, blending various styles and often incorporating elements from everyday life, technology, and global influences.

Who were some key figures in the development of modern dance?

Pioneers like Isadora Duncan, who emphasized natural movement, and Martha Graham, known for her dramatic and psychological works, were foundational. Other significant figures include Doris Humphrey, Charles Weidman, and later, Merce Cunningham, who bridged modern and contemporary styles with his experimental approach.

How can students understand the impact of social trends on dance?

By analyzing contemporary dance works alongside current events and social movements, students can see direct connections. Discussions about how choreographers address themes of identity, technology, or environmental concerns help them recognize dance as a reflection and commentary on society.

Why is embodied practice important for learning dance history?

Experiencing the movement qualities and choreographic principles of different eras firsthand allows students to develop a deeper, kinesthetic understanding. Trying out Graham's techniques or exploring Cunningham's chance methods makes historical styles come alive, moving beyond rote memorization to genuine comprehension.