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Active Transport: Ion Pumps, Electrochemical Gradients, and Co-Transport · Semester 1

Mitosis: Spindle Assembly, Chromosome Dynamics, and Cytokinesis

Students will be introduced to the overall process of photosynthesis, understanding how plants convert light energy into chemical energy.

Key Questions

  1. Explain the molecular events underpinning each phase of mitosis from nuclear envelope breakdown through cytokinesis, focusing on kinetochore-microtubule attachment and the spindle assembly checkpoint mechanism that ensures equal chromosome segregation.
  2. Analyse how errors in spindle assembly or checkpoint signalling can generate aneuploidy, and evaluate the link between aneuploidy, chromosomal instability, and malignant transformation.
  3. Compare cytokinesis in plant and animal cells at the molecular and structural level, explaining why the presence of a rigid cell wall in plant cells necessitates the formation of a cell plate rather than a contractile ring.

MOE Syllabus Outcomes

MOE: Photosynthesis - MS
Level: JC 1
Subject: Biology
Unit: Active Transport: Ion Pumps, Electrochemical Gradients, and Co-Transport
Period: Semester 1

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