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Active Transport: Ion Pumps, Electrochemical Gradients, and Co-Transport · Semester 1

Bulk Transport: Endocytosis, Exocytosis, and the Endomembrane System

Students will be introduced to the overall process of cellular respiration, understanding how organisms break down glucose to release energy.

Key Questions

  1. Compare phagocytosis, pinocytosis, and receptor-mediated endocytosis in terms of mechanism, cargo specificity, and cellular role, using examples from macrophage function and LDL cholesterol uptake.
  2. Explain how the secretory pathway — from ribosome-bound ER through Golgi apparatus to secretory vesicles — ensures the correct post-translational modification, targeting, and release of proteins via exocytosis.
  3. Evaluate how familial hypercholesterolaemia — caused by mutations in the LDL receptor — demonstrates the physiological consequences of defective receptor-mediated endocytosis, and explain why LDL accumulates in the blood.

MOE Syllabus Outcomes

MOE: Cellular Respiration - MS
Level: JC 1
Subject: Biology
Unit: Active Transport: Ion Pumps, Electrochemical Gradients, and Co-Transport
Period: Semester 1

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