Active learning ideas
This topic revisits the 'big' structural theories that shape sociological thought. Students contrast consensus theories like functionalism, which see society as a stable system of shared values, with conflict theories like Marxism and feminism, which see society as a site of struggle between groups. This is a core requirement for AQA A-level, as it forms the basis for evaluating all other topics.
Activity 01
Groups draw a human body and label the organs as social institutions (education, family, etc.). They must explain how each 'organ' maintains the health of the whole 'body' from a functionalist view.
How does functionalism view the structure of society?
Activity 02
Marxists and Feminists 'battle' to prove which form of inequality is more fundamental in modern Britain. Students must use contemporary examples like the gender pay gap or the cost-of-living crisis.
What are the key differences between traditional Marxism and neo-Marxism?
Activity 03
Students identify one 'Ideological State Apparatus' (Althusser) they encountered this week. They pair up to discuss how that institution tried to shape their values to suit the ruling class.
How have feminist theories evolved to explain contemporary patriarchy?
A few notes on teaching this unit
Watch Out for These Misconceptions
Marxism is just about money.
Modern Marxism (Gramsci/Althusser) focuses heavily on 'hegemony' and ideas. Using a 'culture vs. economy' sorting task helps students see that Marxists also care about media and education.
Feminism is a single, unified theory.
There are radical, liberal, Marxist, and difference feminists who often disagree. A 'feminist spectrum' activity helps students place different views on a scale of how much change is needed.
Methods used in this brief
Social Action Theories
This topic shifts focus to micro-sociological perspectives, including symbolic interactionism, ethnomethodology, and phenomenology. Students will explore how individuals construct social reality.
8 methodologies
Modernity, Postmodernity, and Globalisation
Students will analyse the transition from modern to postmodern society and the sociological implications of globalisation. They will debate whether grand narratives are still applicable today.
8 methodologies