Active learning ideas
Social action theories turn the sociological lens toward the individual. Instead of seeing people as 'puppets' of the social system, interactionists, ethnomethodologists, and phenomenologists argue that we actively create society through our daily interactions. This topic is essential for Year 13 as it provides a necessary critique of the macro-theories studied previously.
Activity 01
Students act out the same scenario (e.g., a first date or a job interview) twice: once showing their 'front stage' behaviour and once showing their 'back stage' thoughts and preparations.
How does symbolic interactionism differ from structural theories?
Activity 02
In a safe, controlled way, students discuss what happens when minor social norms are broken (e.g., standing the wrong way in a lift). They then explain Garfinkel's theory of how we 'repair' social order.
What is the role of ethnomethodology in understanding everyday life?
Activity 03
Display images of symbols (a wedding ring, a uniform, a flag). Students write down what these symbols mean to different people, demonstrating the 'interpretive phase' of interaction.
How do individuals negotiate meaning in social interactions?
A few notes on teaching this unit
Watch Out for These Misconceptions
Social action theory says there are no rules.
It argues that rules only exist because we constantly choose to follow them. A 'rule-making' simulation helps students see that social order is a continuous achievement, not a fixed thing.
Symbolic interactionism is just 'common sense'.
It is a rigorous study of how meaning is negotiated. Peer teaching on the 'looking-glass self' helps students see the complex psychological processes involved in social identity.
Methods used in this brief
Structural Theories: Consensus and Conflict
A deep dive into macro-sociological theories, contrasting the consensus approach of functionalism with the conflict approaches of Marxism and feminism. Students will evaluate their relevance to modern Britain.
8 methodologies
Modernity, Postmodernity, and Globalisation
Students will analyse the transition from modern to postmodern society and the sociological implications of globalisation. They will debate whether grand narratives are still applicable today.
8 methodologies