Active learning ideas
Normative ethical theories provide the 'rules' for how we should act. Students study major frameworks like Utilitarianism (consequences), Deontology (duty), and Virtue Ethics (character). The Ontario curriculum requires students to summarize these theories and apply them to various moral dilemmas, helping them develop a toolkit for ethical decision-making.
Activity 01
Students are placed on a committee to decide a difficult case (e.g., who gets a life-saving organ). Each student is assigned an ethical theory (Utilitarian, Kantian, Virtue Ethicist) and must argue for a solution based on that theory.
Should we judge actions by their consequences or their intentions?
Activity 02
Present different versions of the Trolley Problem. Students must vote on the 'right' action for each and then justify their choice using the vocabulary of normative ethics (e.g., 'the greatest good' or 'categorical imperative').
What duties do we owe to others?
Activity 03
Groups choose a Canadian 'hero' or public figure and analyze their actions through the lens of Virtue Ethics. What virtues did they demonstrate? What would a 'mean' or 'deficiency' of that virtue look like?
How does one develop a virtuous character?
A few notes on teaching this unit
Watch Out for These Misconceptions
Utilitarianism is just being selfish and doing what's best for me.
Utilitarianism is about the greatest good for the *greatest number*, often requiring personal sacrifice. Active learning simulations that involve resource distribution can help students feel the 'weight' of the majority's needs.
Deontology is just following the law.
Deontology is about following universal moral duties, which might sometimes conflict with the law. Peer discussions about 'civil disobedience' can help clarify this distinction.
Methods used in this brief
Foundations of Morality
Students investigate the origins of moral values and the distinction between objective and subjective morality. They explore how culture, religion, and reason shape ethical frameworks.
8 methodologies
Applied Ethics in Society
Students apply ethical theories to contemporary social issues such as environmental ethics, bioethics, and technology. They develop reasoned arguments for their moral positions.
8 methodologies