Active learning ideas
This topic explores where our sense of right and wrong comes from, contrasting moral absolutism with moral relativism. Students investigate the roles of culture, religion, and reason in shaping ethical frameworks. This is a critical part of the Ontario curriculum, as it helps students understand the diverse moral landscapes they navigate in a multicultural society like Canada.
Activity 01
Display various moral codes from different cultures and eras (e.g., The Seven Grandfather Teachings, the Ten Commandments, Secular Humanism). Students rotate and identify common themes and significant differences.
Where do moral values come from?
Activity 02
Students reflect on a moral rule they follow (e.g., 'Don't lie'). They then work with a partner to trace that rule back to its source: is it from family, religion, reason, or society?
Are there universal moral truths?
Activity 03
Groups are given a controversial cultural practice. They must argue for it from a relativist perspective and then critique it from an absolutist perspective, presenting both sides to the class.
How does culture influence our understanding of right and wrong?
A few notes on teaching this unit
Watch Out for These Misconceptions
Moral relativism means 'anything goes' and we can't judge anyone.
Relativism means morality is tied to culture, but cultures still have internal rules. Active learning that explores 'universal' human rights can help students find the balance between respecting culture and protecting individuals.
Morality is only possible if you are religious.
Many ethical systems are based on reason or social contracts. Peer teaching about secular ethics like Utilitarianism can help students see the diverse foundations of morality.
Methods used in this brief
Normative Ethical Theories
This topic introduces major ethical theories, including utilitarianism, deontology, and virtue ethics. Students apply these theories to hypothetical moral dilemmas.
8 methodologies
Applied Ethics in Society
Students apply ethical theories to contemporary social issues such as environmental ethics, bioethics, and technology. They develop reasoned arguments for their moral positions.
8 methodologies