Active learning ideas
This topic examines historical resistance movements, with a focus on the Red River Resistance (1869-1870) and the North-West Resistance (1885). Students study how the Métis and their First Nations allies fought to protect their land, language, and rights against Canadian expansion. The Ontario curriculum highlights the leadership of figures like Louis Riel and Gabriel Dumont, as well as the diverse motivations of those involved.
Activity 01
Students take on roles as members of the Métis Council in 1869. They must draft a 'Bill of Rights' to present to the Canadian government, debating which demands are most critical for protecting their community's future.
What were the causes of the Red River Resistance?
Activity 02
Students are assigned to argue different historical perspectives on Louis Riel. They use primary sources from the time, including newspaper editorials and Riel's own speeches, to build a case for how he was viewed by different groups in Canada.
How did figures like Louis Riel advocate for Métis rights?
Activity 03
Stations feature maps, photographs, and accounts of the 1885 resistance. Students rotate to analyze the military tactics used by both sides and the impact of the Gatling gun and the railroad on the outcome of the conflict.
What were the outcomes of these historical conflicts?
A few notes on teaching this unit
Watch Out for These Misconceptions
The resistances were just 'rebellions' against legal authority.
The Métis were defending their homes and legal rights in a territory where Canada had not yet established clear jurisdiction. Using the term 'resistance' and examining the Métis Bill of Rights helps students see the legal and moral basis for their actions.
Louis Riel was the only leader of the Métis resistance.
While Riel was a key political figure, others like Gabriel Dumont provided essential military leadership, and many First Nations leaders like Poundmaker and Big Bear were also involved. Collaborative investigations help students identify the diverse leadership within these movements.
Methods used in this brief
The Fight for Treaty Rights and Land Claims
Explore modern efforts by Indigenous communities to assert their treaty rights and resolve comprehensive land claims.
8 methodologies
Self-Determination and Governance
Examine the concepts of Indigenous self-determination and the transition towards self-governance models.
8 methodologies