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World History: The 20th Century & Beyond · Term 2

The Cold War: Origins & Early Years

Students explore the ideological clash between the US and USSR, the division of Europe, and the early crises of the Cold War.

Key Questions

  1. Analyze the ideological and geopolitical origins of the Cold War.
  2. Explain the concept of the 'Iron Curtain' and its impact on Europe.
  3. Evaluate the significance of early Cold War crises like the Berlin Blockade and the Korean War.

Ontario Curriculum Expectations

ON: The World Since 1900 - Grade 12ON: Conflict and Cooperation - Grade 12
Grade: Grade 12
Subject: Canadian & World Studies
Unit: World History: The 20th Century & Beyond
Period: Term 2

About This Topic

This topic explores the global movement for Indigenous rights, culminating in the development and adoption of the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (UNDRIP). Students compare the struggles for land rights, cultural preservation, and self-determination across different continents, including the experiences of Indigenous peoples in Canada, Australia, and Latin America. The curriculum emphasizes the significance of UNDRIP as a framework for international law and reconciliation.

Grade 12 students analyze Canada's record on Indigenous rights in comparison to other settler-colonial states. They investigate the challenges of implementing UNDRIP at the national level and the role of international bodies in holding states accountable. This topic comes alive when students can participate in a 'Global Indigenous Forum,' where they represent different Indigenous nations and share their strategies for legal and political advocacy.

Active Learning Ideas

Watch Out for These Misconceptions

Common MisconceptionUNDRIP is a legally binding treaty that all countries must follow.

What to Teach Instead

UNDRIP is a 'declaration,' which means it is a set of standards that countries aspire to, rather than a binding treaty. However, many countries (including Canada) are passing national laws to bring their legal systems into alignment with UNDRIP.

Common MisconceptionIndigenous rights are 'special' rights that give some people more power than others.

What to Teach Instead

Indigenous rights are 'inherent' rights that recognize the unique historical and cultural status of Indigenous peoples as the original inhabitants of the land. They are about ensuring equality and self-determination, not 'extra' privileges.

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Frequently Asked Questions

What is the main purpose of UNDRIP?
The main purpose of UNDRIP is to establish a universal framework of minimum standards for the survival, dignity, and well-being of the Indigenous peoples of the world, including rights to land, culture, and self-government.
Why did Canada initially vote against UNDRIP in 2007?
The Canadian government at the time expressed concerns about how the declaration's provisions on 'free, prior, and informed consent' would impact national laws regarding land and resource development. Canada officially adopted the declaration in 2016.
What is the 'Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues'?
It is an advisory body to the UN Economic and Social Council that provides expert advice and recommendations on Indigenous issues related to economic and social development, culture, the environment, education, health, and human rights.
How can active learning help students understand global Indigenous rights?
Active learning through 'Comparative Case Study Stations' is very effective. By rotating through stations that highlight different Indigenous struggles (e.g., water rights in the Amazon vs. language revitalization in Canada), students can identify the universal themes of the global Indigenous movement while respecting the unique context of each nation.

Browse curriculum by country

AmericasUSCAMXCLCOBR
Asia & PacificINSGAU