United States · Common Core State Standards
2nd Grade Mathematics
This curriculum focuses on developing a deep understanding of base ten notation, fluency with addition and subtraction, and the ability to reason about geometric shapes. Students move beyond rote memorization to explore the relationships between numbers and the logic of spatial measurements.
01The Power of Ten: Building Place Value and Fluency
Students explore the base ten system to understand how digits represent hundreds, tens, and ones. This unit emphasizes the relationship between place value and efficient mental strategies for addition and subtraction.
Investigating how numbers up to 1,000 are composed of bundles of hundreds, tens, and ones using manipulatives.
Students practice reading and writing numbers to 1000 using base-ten numerals, number names, and expanded form.
Developing flexible strategies for adding and subtracting within 20 using properties of operations and mental math.
Students apply place value understanding to mentally add or subtract 10 or 100 to/from a given number 100-900.
Using place value logic to compare the magnitude of three-digit numbers using >, =, and < symbols.
Students use concrete models or drawings and strategies based on place value to add within 1000, including composing tens and hundreds.
Students use concrete models or drawings and strategies based on place value to subtract within 1000, including decomposing tens and hundreds.
Students apply strategies based on place value, properties of operations, and the relationship between addition and subtraction to add and subtract within 1000.
Students explain why addition and subtraction strategies work, using place value and the properties of operations.
Students solve word problems involving dollar bills, quarters, dimes, nickels, and pennies, using $ and ¢ symbols appropriately.
02Measuring the World: Length and Data
Students use standard units of measure to quantify the physical world and represent their findings through organized data displays.
Exploring why we use standard units like inches and centimeters and how to choose the right tool for the job.
Students measure the length of an object twice, using length units of different lengths for the two measurements.
Developing a mental benchmark for units of measure to estimate lengths of objects.
Students measure to determine how much longer one object is than another, expressing the length difference in standard units.
Students solve word problems involving addition and subtraction of lengths that are expressed in the same units.
Students represent whole numbers as lengths from 0 on a number line diagram and represent whole-number sums and differences within 100.
Students tell and write time from analog and digital clocks to the nearest five minutes, using a.m. and p.m.
Students generate measurement data by measuring lengths of several objects to the nearest whole unit, or by making repeated measurements of the same object.
Creating and interpreting picture graphs and bar graphs to solve problems based on collected data.
Students draw a picture graph and a bar graph to represent a data set with up to four categories, solving simple put-together, take-apart, and compare problems.
03Algebraic Thinking: Patterns and Equations
This unit introduces the foundations of algebra through even and odd numbers, equal groups, and solving word problems with unknown variables.
Investigating the properties of numbers that can be divided into two equal groups or pairs.
Students write an equation to express an even number as a sum of two equal addends.
Using rectangular arrays with up to 5 rows and 5 columns to understand repeated addition.
Mastering one-step word problems involving situations of adding to, taking from, putting together, taking apart, and comparing, with unknowns in all positions.
Students solve two-step word problems involving addition and subtraction within 100.
Students represent word problems using drawings and equations with a symbol for the unknown number.
Students fluently add and subtract within 100 using strategies based on place value, properties of operations, and/or the relationship between addition and subtraction.
Students use concrete models or drawings and strategies based on place value to add within 100, including composing a ten.
Students use concrete models or drawings and strategies based on place value to subtract within 100, including decomposing a ten.
Students apply their fluency with addition and subtraction within 100 to solve various real-world problems.
04Geometry and Fractions: Shapes and Parts
Students identify attributes of shapes and learn to partition circles and rectangles into equal shares, laying the groundwork for fractions.
Identifying and drawing shapes based on specific attributes such as angles and faces.
Students identify and describe attributes of three-dimensional shapes, such as faces, edges, and vertices.
Students draw shapes having specified attributes, such as a given number of angles or a given number of faces.
Partitioning a rectangle into rows and columns of same size squares to count the total.
Students count the total number of same-size squares that tile a rectangle by rows and by columns.
Dividing circles and rectangles into two or three equal shares and using fractional language.
Students divide circles and rectangles into four equal shares and describe the shares using fractional language.
Students use the words halves, thirds, half of, a third of, etc., and describe the whole as two halves, three thirds, four fourths.
Students recognize that equal shares of identical wholes need not have the same shape.
A comprehensive review of identifying shapes, their attributes, and partitioning wholes into equal shares.