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Mathematics · Class 6

Active learning ideas

Introduction to Ratios

Let's discover a powerful mathematical tool used everywhere, from your kitchen to the cricket field, to compare anything and everything.

CBSE Learning OutcomesNCERT Class 6: Chapter 12 - Ratio and Proportion
15–25 minPairs → Whole Class3 activities

Activity 01

Experiential Learning20 min · Pairs

Classroom Ratio Hunt

Students work in pairs to find and write down various ratios within the classroom, such as the ratio of desks to chairs, windows to doors, or notebooks to textbooks. They then simplify these ratios and share their findings with the class.

Explain how a ratio is different from a fraction.

Facilitation TipProvide a simple worksheet with prompts to guide their hunt and ensure they compare quantities with the same units.

What to look forGive students a picture with various objects (e.g., 5 cars, 3 bikes, 8 trees) and ask them to write three different ratios on a mini-whiteboard, such as cars to bikes.

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Activity 02

Experiential Learning25 min · Small Groups

Nimbu Paani Ratios

Provide a simple recipe for nimbu paani (lemonade), for example, 1 part lemon juice to 2 parts sugar to 8 parts water. Ask students in small groups to calculate the amount of each ingredient needed to make enough for their group, then for the whole class.

Identify real-life situations where ratios are used for comparison.

Facilitation TipUse measuring cups and water to make it a hands-on activity, allowing students to see the proportional changes.

What to look forA short worksheet with word problems. For example: 'In a fruit basket, there are 12 mangoes and 16 bananas. What is the ratio of mangoes to bananas in its simplest form?'

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Activity 03

Experiential Learning15 min · Individual

My Family Ratio

As a homework activity, students write down ratios from their own family, such as the ratio of adults to children, males to females, or the number of rooms to the number of people. This connects the mathematical concept to their personal lives.

Compare the ratio of boys to girls in your class with the ratio of students to teachers.

Facilitation TipRemind students that this is a maths activity, not a personal one, and to only share what they are comfortable with.

What to look forStudents use a traffic light system (red, yellow, green) to indicate their confidence level in writing a ratio, simplifying a ratio, and solving a ratio word problem.

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Templates

Templates that pair with these Mathematics activities

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A few notes on teaching this unit

Begin with tangible objects students can count and compare, like coloured blocks or classmates. Use the phrase 'For every [number] of this, there are [number] of that' to build intuition before introducing the colon notation. Connect simplifying ratios directly to their prior knowledge of simplifying fractions to make the process familiar.

Your students will learn to see the world in terms of comparisons, confidently using ratios to describe relationships between quantities and solve practical problems.


Watch Out for These Misconceptions

  • The order of the terms in a ratio does not matter. For example, the ratio of boys to girls is the same as the ratio of girls to boys.

    The order in a ratio is critical because it reflects the comparison being made. The ratio of boys to girls (boys:girls) is the inverse of the ratio of girls to boys (girls:boys), unless the numbers are equal. Always check which quantity is mentioned first.

  • A ratio is exactly the same as a fraction.

    While a ratio can be written in a fractional form, its meaning can be different. A fraction compares a part to the whole (e.g., 5 boys out of 20 total students is 5/20). A ratio can compare a part to another part (e.g., 5 boys to 15 girls is 5:15).

  • Ratios cannot be simplified, or they are simplified using subtraction.

    Ratios should be expressed in their simplest form, just like fractions. To simplify a ratio, you must divide both terms by their Highest Common Factor (HCF), not subtract a number.


Methods used in this brief