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Foundations of Mathematical Thinking · Senior Infants

Active learning ideas

Number Riddles

Active learning fits this topic because young children think best when numbers connect to movement and stories. Acting out clues with partners or searching for hidden numbers makes abstract ideas concrete and memorable.

NCCA Curriculum SpecificationsNCCA: Junior Cycle - Algebra - A.5
20–35 minPairs → Whole Class4 activities

Activity 01

Pair Work: Riddle Creation

Pairs use counters and number lines to invent riddles with one inequality and one operation, like 'Bigger than 4, add 3 to 2'. They write or draw the riddle on cards, swap with another pair, and solve by testing numbers aloud. Discuss solutions as a class.

I am a number bigger than 3 and smaller than 6 , what am I?

Facilitation TipDuring Pair Work: Riddle Creation, model how to take turns reading clues aloud and recording the steps on paper.

What to look forProvide students with a riddle like: 'I start with 10, add 3, then take away 5. What number am I?' Ask them to write down the answer and show the two steps they used to find it.

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Activity 02

Collaborative Problem-Solving30 min · Small Groups

Small Groups: Riddle Relay

Divide into groups of 4. One child reads a riddle card, next solves it using fingers or objects, passes to teammate for confirmation. First group to solve all wins. Rotate roles twice.

I have 5 stickers, I get 2 more and give away 1 , how many do I have?

Facilitation TipFor Riddle Relay, place number cards at stations so children move and solve in sequence.

What to look forPresent a riddle on the board: 'I am a number. If you add 4 to me, then subtract 2, you get 7. What number am I?' Ask students to use counters or draw pictures to model the steps and find the starting number.

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Activity 03

Collaborative Problem-Solving35 min · Whole Class

Whole Class: Mystery Number Hunt

Teacher hides number cards around room with riddle clues. Children hunt in teams, solve riddles to claim cards, then share findings on board. End with group vote on best riddle.

Can you make up your own number riddle for a friend to solve?

Facilitation TipIn the Mystery Number Hunt, hide numbers in order from smallest to largest to reinforce number line thinking.

What to look forAsk students to share the original riddles they created. Encourage them to explain the clues they included and the order in which a friend would need to solve them. 'Tell us your riddle, and explain how someone would figure out your secret number.'

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Activity 04

Collaborative Problem-Solving20 min · Individual

Individual: Personal Riddle Journal

Each child draws or writes one riddle about a family number, solves it privately first, then shares with a partner for feedback. Compile into class riddle book.

I am a number bigger than 3 and smaller than 6 , what am I?

What to look forProvide students with a riddle like: 'I start with 10, add 3, then take away 5. What number am I?' Ask them to write down the answer and show the two steps they used to find it.

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Templates

Templates that pair with these Foundations of Mathematical Thinking activities

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A few notes on teaching this unit

Teach this by starting with simple riddles children can act out with fingers or counters. Avoid rushing to symbols; let children verbalize steps first. Research shows young learners grasp operations better when they physically combine or separate groups before writing equations.

Successful learning looks like children explaining their thinking clearly, using materials to show steps, and creating riddles that have one correct answer with logical clues. Peer discussions help them adjust their riddles to make sense to others.


Watch Out for These Misconceptions

  • During Pair Work: Riddle Creation, watch for children who assume only one number fits the clue.

    Have pairs walk along a number line taped to the floor to point out all numbers that fit the clue, then record them on a whiteboard.

  • During Small Groups: Riddle Relay, watch for children who skip steps or reverse the order of operations.

    Ask each group to demonstrate their relay using counters or stickers, modeling each step aloud before writing it down.

  • During Whole Class: Mystery Number Hunt, watch for children who treat riddles as guesses rather than logical puzzles.

    Bring the class together after the hunt to match each riddle to the exact hidden number, showing how clues narrow the options step by step.


Methods used in this brief