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Foundations of Mathematical Thinking · Senior Infants

Active learning ideas

Counting in Groups

Active counting in groups helps children see number patterns in real objects rather than abstract symbols. When students arrange concrete items like counters or toy animals into equal sets, they build visual memories of skip counting that support mental math later.

NCCA Curriculum SpecificationsNCCA: Junior Cycle - Number - N.12
15–30 minPairs → Whole Class4 activities

Activity 01

Experiential Learning30 min · Small Groups

Small Groups: Animal Legs Rally

Supply toy animals and leg charts. Children sort animals into groups by type, count legs per animal using fingers or marks, then skip count totals like 4, 8, 12. Groups present one total to the class for verification.

Can you count in 2s , 2, 4, 6, __?

Facilitation TipDuring Animal Legs Rally, ask children to show their grouping aloud before counting to reinforce the connection between the set size and the total.

What to look forProvide students with 12 counters and ask them to make groups of 3. Then ask: 'How many groups did you make? How many counters are there in total?' Observe their grouping and counting strategy.

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Activity 02

Experiential Learning25 min · Pairs

Pairs: Counter Group Towers

Give pairs 20-30 counters and cups. They build towers of 5 counters each, skip count by 5s to find totals, then rebuild with groups of 2. Partners check each other's counts and record on charts.

How many legs do 3 dogs have , let us count in groups.

Facilitation TipWhile pairing Counter Group Towers, circulate and ask each pair to explain how their tower height relates to the group count.

What to look forDraw 3 pairs of shoes on a piece of paper. Ask students to write the number of shoes in each pair and then write the total number of shoes altogether, counting in 2s.

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Activity 03

Experiential Learning20 min · Whole Class

Whole Class: Skip Count Circle

Form a circle. Teacher calls a number like 2s; children link arms in pairs, chant the sequence while passing a beanbag. Switch to 5s with hand claps. End with total counts for class items.

Can you make groups of 5 with these counters and count how many altogether?

Facilitation TipIn Skip Count Circle, pause after each child’s turn to echo their count back as a whole class to strengthen auditory memory.

What to look forPresent a scenario: 'There are 4 children, and each child has 5 fingers on one hand. How many fingers are there altogether?' Ask students to explain how they would count this using groups and skip counting.

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Activity 04

Experiential Learning15 min · Individual

Individual: Group Drawings

Children draw 4 groups of 3 flowers, label skip count totals like 3,6,9,12. Add colors and count one-by-one to verify. Share one drawing with a partner.

Can you count in 2s , 2, 4, 6, __?

Facilitation TipFor Group Drawings, provide dot paper so students can clearly mark each group and label the total.

What to look forProvide students with 12 counters and ask them to make groups of 3. Then ask: 'How many groups did you make? How many counters are there in total?' Observe their grouping and counting strategy.

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Templates

Templates that pair with these Foundations of Mathematical Thinking activities

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A few notes on teaching this unit

Teachers should use consistent language when modelling groups: 'Here is one group of 5, here is another group of 5, so we have two groups of 5.' Avoid switching between addition and multiplication terms until students are confident with the grouping idea. Research shows that children need repeated exposure to the same grouping tasks before they internalise the pattern.

Successful learners will move from counting one by one to using efficient groups when asked for totals. They will explain their method by pointing to the groups they formed and use language like '3 groups of 4 make 12' without recounting every item.


Watch Out for These Misconceptions

  • During Counter Group Towers, watch for students who place counters randomly and skip numbers when counting the groups.

    Have partners recount together while pointing to each tower base to show that each tower represents one group and each counter inside it represents one item in the set.

  • During Animal Legs Rally, watch for students who count only the number of groups and ignore the size of each group.

    Ask children to rebuild their dog groups with a partner and recount aloud, emphasizing 'groups of 4 legs' before adding the total.

  • During Skip Count Circle, watch for students who rearrange groups and claim the total has changed.

    Use movable toys during Group Rotations and ask peers to explain why the total stays the same even when the order changes.


Methods used in this brief