Active learning ideas
This topic introduces the fundamental debate between consensus and conflict theories regarding social hierarchy. Students explore the Functionalist view that stratification is a necessary, meritocratic system that ensures the most talented individuals fill the most demanding roles. In contrast, they examine the Marxist perspective, which argues that stratification is a tool of exploitation used by the bourgeoisie to maintain power over the proletariat.
Activity 01
Divide the class into Functionalists and Marxists to debate whether the UK is truly meritocratic. Students must use specific concepts like 'role allocation' or 'false class consciousness' to support their arguments and rebut their opponents.
Why do functionalists argue inequality is necessary?
Activity 02
Small groups analyze the pay gap between top executives and entry-level workers in UK companies. They must write two short justifications for this gap: one from a Functionalist perspective and one from a Marxist perspective.
How does Marxism view the class system?
Activity 03
Students individually identify one job they believe is 'functionally important' but low paid. They pair up to discuss why Functionalism might struggle to explain this, then share their findings with the class to build a collective critique.
What are the main criticisms of these perspectives?
A few notes on teaching this unit
Watch Out for These Misconceptions
Marxism is just about being 'fair' or 'equal'.
Marxism is a specific structural theory about the relationship to the means of production and the exploitation of labor. Using peer teaching to explain the specific mechanics of surplus value helps students move beyond vague ideas of fairness.
Functionalists believe everyone has the same wealth.
Functionalists actually argue that inequality is essential for society to function. A simulation where students 'bid' for jobs based on perceived importance can quickly reveal how Functionalists justify unequal rewards.
Methods used in this brief
Social Class and Life Chances
An exploration of how an individual's social class background impacts their opportunities in education, health, and employment. Students will analyse contemporary data on social mobility in Britain.
8 methodologies
Gender and Ethnicity in Contemporary Britain
This topic investigates the persistent inequalities based on gender and ethnicity in the workplace and wider society. Students will evaluate feminist and anti-racist sociological perspectives.
8 methodologies
Poverty and the Welfare State
Students will define absolute and relative poverty, exploring the causes and consequences of deprivation. They will also debate the effectiveness and role of the British welfare state.
8 methodologies