Active learning ideas
This unit examines the 'engines' of the US federal government: the legislative branch (Congress) and the executive branch (the Presidency). Students evaluate the formal and informal powers of the President, from the 'power to persuade' to the use of executive orders. Simultaneously, they analyse the functions of Congress, focusing on its ability to legislate, represent constituents, and provide oversight of the executive.
Activity 01
Students take on roles as Committee Chairs, the Speaker, the Senate Majority Leader, and the President. They must attempt to pass a controversial budget bill, navigating the filibuster and the threat of a presidential veto.
What are the formal and informal powers of the US President?
Activity 02
Divide the class into two teams. One argues that the President has become too powerful (the 'Imperial Presidency'), while the other argues the President is 'imperilled' by a stubborn Congress and a partisan Supreme Court.
How effectively does Congress fulfil its legislative and oversight functions?
Activity 03
Set up stations for Executive Orders, Signing Statements, Executive Agreements, and the Bully Pulpit. Students move in groups to find a modern example of each and evaluate its effectiveness in bypassing Congress.
Where does power truly lie in the US federal government?
A few notes on teaching this unit
Watch Out for These Misconceptions
The President can pass laws by decree using executive orders.
Executive orders only apply to the executive branch and can be overturned by the courts or a future president. A 'case study' activity on the DACA programme helps students see the legal and political limits of presidential 'decrees.'
Congress is a single, unified body.
Congress is bicameral, and the House and Senate often have very different priorities and rules (like the filibuster). Using a 'compare and contrast' grid helps students understand how the two chambers act as checks on each other, not just on the President.
Methods used in this brief
The US Constitution and Federalism
An exploration of the origins, nature, and principles of the US Constitution. Students will assess the evolving relationship between the federal government and the states.
8 methodologies
The US Supreme Court and Civil Rights
An investigation into the role of the US Supreme Court in interpreting the Constitution and protecting civil liberties. Students will examine landmark rulings and the appointment process.
8 methodologies
US Democracy and Participation
An analysis of the US electoral system, political parties, and pressure groups. Students will evaluate the democratic health of the United States.
8 methodologies