Year 12 Geography

Examine how rock type, structure, and resistance influence the development of coastal landforms.

Investigate the mechanics of wave formation, tidal cycles, and ocean currents and their impact on coasts.

Study the role of weathering, mass movement, and runoff in shaping cliffs and coastal slopes.

Examine the formation and characteristics of major erosional coastal landforms.

Investigate the processes of sediment deposition and the formation of beaches, spits, and bars.

Understand the concept of sediment cells as self-contained systems and the idea of dynamic equilibrium in coastal change.

Analyze the global (eustatic) and local (isostatic) factors driving changes in sea level.

Examine the landforms associated with rising and falling sea levels, such as raised beaches and rias.

Examine the causes and consequences of coastal flooding and erosion, focusing on vulnerability.

Evaluate the effectiveness and environmental impacts of hard engineering approaches to coastal management.

Investigate soft engineering techniques and integrated coastal zone management (ICZM) for sustainability.

Analyze the controversial strategies of managed retreat and coastal realignment, including their socio-economic implications.

Examine a specific UK coastal management scheme, evaluating its success and challenges.

Discuss the future impacts of climate change, population growth, and resource exploitation on coastal environments.

Study the economic, technological, political, and social factors accelerating global integration.

Examine the movement of money, investment, and digital data across international borders.

Investigate how TNCs organize production across multiple countries, creating complex supply chains.

Analyze the geography of global trade, including the role of trade blocs and their impact on development.

Study the causes, patterns, and impacts of international migration on source and host countries.

Investigate the challenges and policies related to managing international borders and migrant populations.

Examine the unique challenges of governing Antarctica as a global common and the Antarctic Treaty System.

Investigate the governance challenges of managing the high seas and the Earth's atmosphere.

Study the functions and influence of organizations like the UN, WTO, and NGOs in global governance.

Explore the shifting balance of power in the 21st century and its implications for global governance.

Understand the layers of the Earth and the role of convection currents in driving plate movement.

Trace the historical development of plate tectonic theory, from Wegener to modern understanding.

Examine the processes and landforms associated with plates moving apart, including mid-ocean ridges and rift valleys.

Investigate the processes at destructive plate margins, including subduction zones, ocean trenches, and island arcs.

Study the formation of fold mountains and associated seismic activity at continental collision zones.

Examine the characteristics of transform faults and the generation of powerful earthquakes.

Investigate the formation of volcanoes away from plate boundaries, such as Hawaii, and their unique characteristics.

Investigate different types of volcanic eruptions, associated hazards, and their global distribution.

Examine the direct impacts of ground shaking and secondary hazards like tsunamis, landslides, and liquefaction.

Study the technologies and methods used to measure earthquake magnitude and monitor volcanic activity.

Compare how socio-economic factors influence a community's vulnerability and capacity to cope with tectonic events.

Examine structural and non-structural strategies for mitigating the impacts of earthquakes and volcanoes.

Analyze the causes, impacts, and responses to the 2010 Haiti earthquake, focusing on vulnerability and development.

Examine the impacts of the Icelandic volcanic eruption on global air travel and the economy.

Analyze the geographical concepts of space and place, exploring their subjective and objective dimensions.

Investigate how individual and collective identities are shaped by and expressed through places.

Examine how places are represented in various forms, including maps, art, literature, and digital media.

Study the economic forces, such as deindustrialization and globalization, that transform urban areas.

Investigate the social and cultural impacts of urban change, including gentrification and multiculturalism.

Examine different approaches to urban regeneration, including top-down and bottom-up initiatives.

Study the demographic shifts in rural areas, including the decline of traditional industries and influx of new residents.

Investigate strategies for diversifying rural economies beyond traditional agriculture and resource extraction.

Examine the social challenges (e.g., affordable housing) and environmental pressures (e.g., landscape change) in rural areas.

Prepare for fieldwork by selecting a local place, formulating research questions, and planning data collection.

Examine the distribution of water in different stores (oceans, ice, groundwater) and the processes of the global hydrological cycle.

Investigate the drainage basin as a hydrological system with inputs, outputs, stores, and flows.

Study how physical and human factors influence the shape and characteristics of storm hydrographs.

Examine the concept of water balance and the causes and consequences of water scarcity globally.

Investigate different approaches to managing water resources, including dams, desalination, and water transfer schemes.

Investigate the major carbon stores (lithosphere, oceans, atmosphere, biosphere) and the processes of the carbon cycle.

Study how human activities, particularly fossil fuel combustion and land-use change, disrupt the carbon cycle.

Examine natural and technological methods of carbon sequestration and strategies for mitigating carbon emissions.

Explore the critical links between water and carbon cycles in specific biomes like the Amazon rainforest.

Investigate the unique interactions between water and carbon cycles in the Arctic tundra, focusing on permafrost.

Study positive and negative feedback loops within the Earth's climate system, linking water and carbon cycles.

Learn to develop clear, focused, and geographical research questions and testable hypotheses.

Explore different sampling techniques (random, systematic, stratified) and their appropriateness for various studies.

Understand how to conduct a thorough risk assessment for fieldwork and address ethical issues.

Practice collecting quantitative data using methods such as environmental quality surveys, pedestrian counts, and flow measurements.

Learn to gather qualitative data through methods like interviews, questionnaires, and photographic analysis.

Explore the use of secondary data (e.g., census data, maps) and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) in geographical inquiry.

Learn to calculate and interpret descriptive statistics (mean, median, mode, range) and present data effectively.

Introduce inferential statistical tests (e.g., Spearman's Rank, Chi-squared) to test hypotheses and draw conclusions.

Learn to synthesize findings, draw reasoned conclusions, and critically evaluate the research process.

Develop skills in structuring a geographical report, citing sources, and presenting findings clearly and concisely.