United Kingdom · National Curriculum Attainment Targets
Year 13 Geography
An advanced exploration of the interconnected physical and human processes shaping our world. Students analyze complex feedback loops in Earth systems while evaluating the socio-economic challenges of a globalized society.

01Water and Carbon Cycles
An investigation into the fundamental systems that support life on Earth and their role in climate regulation.
Examines the distribution of water across the globe and the processes driving its movement.
Investigates the inputs, outputs, stores, and flows within a drainage basin system.
Analyzes factors influencing river discharge and interprets hydrographs to understand basin response.
Examines the localized water cycle within the Amazon basin and how deforestation disrupts precipitation patterns.
Explores the physical and human causes of drought events and their socio-economic impacts.
Explores the physical and human causes of flood events and their socio-economic impacts.
Analysis of the distribution of carbon in the Earth's major reservoirs and the processes of carbon exchange.
Analysis of the biological and geological pathways that move carbon between the atmosphere and the Earth.
Evaluating the impact of fossil fuel combustion and land use change on the global carbon budget.
Examines the scientific evidence for climate change and the role of natural and anthropogenic factors.
Investigates the environmental consequences of a changing climate, such as sea-level rise and extreme weather.
Investigates the social and economic consequences of a changing climate on human populations.
Explores various approaches to reduce greenhouse gas emissions at local and global scales.
Explores various approaches to adapt to climate change impacts at local and global scales.

02Global Systems and Governance
Evaluating the economic and political structures that govern international trade and migration in a globalized world.
Examines the economic, social, political, and cultural aspects of globalization.
Explores different theoretical frameworks for understanding the processes and impacts of globalisation.
Study of the growth of global trade and the rise of the BRIC nations in the 21st century.
Analyzing the influence of TNCs on global production networks and local cultures.
Examines the complex interconnectedness of global manufacturing and distribution systems.
Examines the causes, patterns, and consequences of global migration flows.
Assessing the effectiveness of international organizations in managing shared resources like Antarctica.
Investigates the reasons for and impacts of international interventions in sovereign states.
Examines various indicators of development and the spatial patterns of global inequality.
Assesses the effectiveness and controversies surrounding different forms of international development aid.
Explores the UN's Sustainable Development Goals and their progress towards a more equitable and sustainable future.
Introduces the application of GIS for analyzing global patterns of trade, migration, and development.

03Changing Places
A study of how places are constructed and perceived, and how they change over time through internal and external forces.
Investigating how people develop emotional attachments to locations and how media shapes place image.
Examines how different forms of media and art represent places and influence perceptions.
Explores the forces, both local and global, that drive change in places.
Examining the processes of change in urban areas and the resulting impacts on local communities.
Exploring the shifting economic and social landscape of rural areas in the UK.
Investigates quantitative methods for assessing the unique characteristics and identity of a place.
Investigates qualitative methods for assessing the unique characteristics and identity of a place.
Examines how different groups can have conflicting views and claims over a single place.
Explores how digital technologies and social media influence our understanding and experience of places.
Focuses on intentional efforts to shape the character and identity of places for future generations.

04Coastal Landscapes and Change
A detailed look at the geomorphological processes that shape coasts and the management strategies used to protect them.
Understanding the inputs, transfers, and outputs of sediment within a coastal system.
Examines the physical forces that drive coastal processes and their impact on landforms.
Investigates the processes of marine erosion and the landforms they create.
Investigates the processes of marine transportation and deposition and the landforms they create.
Applies knowledge of coastal processes to specific examples of erosional and depositional landforms.
Analyzing eustatic and isostatic sea level changes and the resulting risks to coastal communities.
Evaluates the effectiveness and environmental impacts of hard engineering strategies for coastal protection.
Examines the principles and applications of soft engineering approaches to coastal management.
Evaluating the effectiveness and sustainability of hard and soft engineering strategies.
Explores holistic approaches to managing coastal areas, considering multiple stakeholders and long-term sustainability.
Develops practical skills for collecting data in coastal environments.

05Hazards and Risk Management
Investigating tectonic and atmospheric hazards and the human responses to these extreme events.
Explaining the causes of earthquakes and volcanic eruptions through plate tectonic theory.
Focuses on the mechanisms of earthquakes, seismic waves, and their primary and secondary impacts.
Examines different types of volcanoes, eruption styles, and associated hazards.
Investigates the causes of tsunamis, their propagation, and devastating coastal impacts.
The formation and impact of tropical cyclones (hurricanes, typhoons).
The formation and impact of mid-latitude storms and other extreme weather events.
Examines the causes and impacts of prolonged dry periods and extreme heat events.
Investigates the natural and human factors contributing to wildfires and strategies for prevention and control.
Analyzing why different societies are more or less able to cope with natural disasters.
Examines how individuals and communities perceive and respond to natural hazards.
Focuses on proactive measures to reduce the impacts of hazards, including prediction and protection.

06Contemporary Urban Environments
Focusing on the challenges of urban growth, sustainability, and the management of urban waste and pollution.
The drivers of rapid urban growth in low-income countries and the rise of megacities.
Examines theoretical models of urban land use and their applicability to real-world cities.
Investigates issues arising from rapid urban expansion, such as housing and infrastructure.
Investigates issues arising from rapid urban expansion, such as transport and congestion.
The creation of urban heat islands and the challenges of air and water pollution in cities.
Examines the challenges of waste generation in cities and strategies for sustainable waste management.
Focuses on the importance of green infrastructure in cities for environmental and social well-being.
Exploring the concept of the sustainable city through case studies of green urbanism.
Examines the role of technology and data in creating 'smart cities' and their implications.
Investigates factors contributing to urban liveability and how it varies across different cities and populations.
Develops practical skills for conducting geographical investigations in urban settings.