Active learning ideas
Theories of Existence and Being introduces students to Metaphysics, the branch of philosophy that asks 'What is real?' This topic covers the tension between materialism (the belief that only physical matter exists) and idealism (the belief that reality is fundamentally mental or spiritual). In the Ontario curriculum, this provides a perfect opportunity to bridge Western metaphysical traditions with Indigenous ontologies, which often emphasize the reality of spirit and the interconnectedness of all beings.
Activity 01
Place images or words representing different things (a rock, a dream, a mathematical equation, the concept of justice, a digital file) around the room. Students place stickers on a spectrum from 'Most Real' to 'Least Real' and must explain their metaphysical criteria to a partner.
What is the fundamental nature of reality?
Activity 02
Students watch a short clip or read a summary of the 'Simulation Theory.' They discuss in pairs: if we were in a simulation, would our experiences be any less 'real'? They then share their definitions of reality with the class.
Is the universe purely material, or do immaterial things exist?
Activity 03
Groups are assigned a specific worldview (e.g., Cartesian Dualism, Buddhist Emptiness, Anishinaabe Relationality). They create a visual 'Map of the Universe' based on that perspective, showing what exists and how those things relate to one another.
How do Eastern and Western metaphysical traditions differ?
A few notes on teaching this unit
Watch Out for These Misconceptions
Metaphysics is just 'religion' or 'spirituality.'
While they overlap, metaphysics uses logical argumentation rather than faith. Active learning tasks that require students to argue for materialism (a non-religious view) help them see metaphysics as a broad analytical tool.
Idealism means being 'optimistic.'
In philosophy, idealism is the theory that reality is mind-dependent. Using a 'Matrix' style simulation analogy in a small group discussion helps students distinguish between the everyday and philosophical meanings of the word.
Methods used in this brief
The Mind-Body Problem and Personhood
This topic explores the relationship between consciousness and the physical brain, as well as the criteria for personhood. Students will debate the implications of artificial intelligence on our understanding of the self.
8 methodologies
Free Will and Determinism
Students analyze the debate between free will, determinism, and compatibilism. They will evaluate how these theories impact our understanding of human agency and moral responsibility.
8 methodologies