Active learning ideas
Normative Ethical Frameworks is the 'how-to' of moral decision-making. This topic introduces the three major 'lenses' of ethics: Utilitarianism (focus on consequences), Deontology (focus on duty and rules), and Virtue Ethics (focus on character). These frameworks are central to the Ethics strand (D1) and provide students with a structured way to analyze moral dilemmas beyond 'gut feelings.'
Activity 01
Set up three stations: The Utilitarian, The Deontologist, and The Virtue Ethicist. Groups rotate through each, applying that specific framework to a single dilemma (e.g., 'Should a self-driving car prioritize passengers or pedestrians?') and recording their reasoning.
What makes an action morally right or wrong?
Activity 02
Present the classic 'Trolley Problem' and then add layers (e.g., the person on the track is a doctor, or a family member). Students must debate the 'right' action using specific terminology like 'categorical imperative' or 'greatest good.'
Should we focus on the consequences of actions or our duties?
Activity 03
Pairs list the top 5 traits of a 'good person' (Virtue Ethics). They then compare this to a list of 'good rules' (Deontology) and discuss which is more important for a functioning society, sharing their thoughts with the class.
How does character play a role in ethical behavior?
A few notes on teaching this unit
Watch Out for These Misconceptions
Utilitarianism is just 'doing whatever I want.'
Utilitarianism is about the *greatest good for the greatest number*, often requiring personal sacrifice. A 'Resource Allocation' simulation helps students see that utilitarianism is actually a very demanding and selfless framework.
Deontology is just 'following the law.'
Deontology is about following *universal moral laws* (like 'don't lie'), which might sometimes conflict with actual legal laws. Peer discussion about historical figures who broke the law for a 'higher duty' helps clarify this.
Methods used in this brief
Applied Ethics in Contemporary Society
This topic challenges students to apply ethical theories to modern dilemmas such as bioethics, environmental ethics, and technology. They will construct reasoned arguments for specific moral positions.
8 methodologies
Metaethics and Moral Relativism
Students investigate the nature of ethical statements and whether objective moral truths exist. They will debate the merits and criticisms of moral relativism and moral absolutism.
8 methodologies