Canada · Ontario Curriculum Expectations
Grade 6 Mathematics
This course bridges elementary arithmetic and secondary algebraic reasoning. Students explore proportional relationships, the system of rational numbers, and the use of variables to represent unknown quantities in real world scenarios.

01The Number System and Rational Quantities
Students extend their understanding of the number line to include integers and develop fluency with fraction and decimal operations.
Exploring positive and negative numbers in real-world contexts and understanding their opposites.
Using number lines and inequalities to compare and order integers.
Understanding absolute value as distance from zero and applying it to real-world problems.
Mapping integers and other rational numbers onto a four-quadrant coordinate grid.
Using number lines and inequalities to compare and order integers, fractions, and decimals.
Moving beyond rote algorithms to understand what it means to divide a quantity by a part of a whole.
Practicing the standard algorithm for dividing fractions and mixed numbers.
Applying addition and subtraction of multi-digit decimals to solve real-world problems.
Applying multiplication and division of multi-digit decimals to solve financial and measurement problems.
Finding GCF and LCM of two whole numbers and using them to solve problems.
Using the distributive property to express a sum of two whole numbers with a common factor.

02Ratios and Proportional Reasoning
Developing the ability to compare quantities and understand multiplicative relationships between values.
Introducing ratio language to describe relationships between two quantities.
Calculating unit rates and using them to compare different ratios.
Using tables to represent and solve problems involving equivalent ratios.
Plotting pairs of values from ratio tables on the coordinate plane to visualize proportional relationships.
Using visual models like tape diagrams to solve ratio problems.
Connecting fractions and decimals to the concept of percent as a rate per one hundred.
Calculating a percentage of a given number in various real-world scenarios.
Finding the whole or the percent in various real-world scenarios.
Using ratio reasoning to convert units of measurement within and between systems.
Applying proportional reasoning to real-world problems like scaling recipes, maps, and models.

03Algebraic Thinking and Expressions
Transitioning from arithmetic to algebra by using variables to represent numbers and writing expressions.
Learning to translate verbal descriptions into mathematical expressions using letters as placeholders.
Substituting values for variables and evaluating expressions using the order of operations.
Translating real-world scenarios into algebraic expressions.
Applying the commutative and associative properties to simplify algebraic expressions.
Applying the distributive property to simplify algebraic expressions and factor.
Using properties of operations to identify and generate equivalent algebraic expressions.
Using inverse operations to isolate a variable and solve simple equations involving addition and subtraction.
Using inverse operations to isolate a variable and solve simple equations involving multiplication and division.
Translating real-world problems into one-step equations and solving them.
Writing and interpreting inequalities that represent constraints or conditions.
Representing solutions to inequalities on a number line.

04Geometry and Spatial Reasoning
Investigating the properties of two-dimensional shapes and three-dimensional objects through area, surface area, and volume.
Finding the area of triangles by decomposing them into simpler shapes or relating them to rectangles.
Finding the area of parallelograms by relating them to rectangles.
Finding the area of trapezoids and rhombuses by decomposing them into simpler shapes.
Finding the area of complex polygons by decomposing them into simpler shapes.
Using two-dimensional nets to represent three-dimensional prisms.
Using two-dimensional nets to represent three-dimensional pyramids.
Calculating the surface area of prisms using nets and formulas.
Calculating the surface area of pyramids using nets and formulas.
Applying formulas to find the volume of right rectangular prisms with whole number edge lengths.
Applying formulas to find the volume of right rectangular prisms with fractional edge lengths.
Drawing polygons in the coordinate plane given coordinates for the vertices.

05Data, Statistics, and Variability
Learning to collect, organize, and interpret data sets to understand variability and central tendency.
Identifying questions that anticipate variability and understanding methods of data collection.
Describing the center, spread, and overall shape of a data distribution.
Calculating and interpreting the mean to describe data sets.
Calculating and interpreting median and mode to describe data sets.
Calculating and interpreting range and interquartile range to describe the spread of data.
Understanding and calculating the mean absolute deviation as a measure of variability.
Creating and analyzing dot plots and histograms to represent numerical data.
Creating and analyzing box plots to represent numerical data and summarize distributions.
Relating the choice of measures of center and variability to the shape of the data distribution.
Drawing conclusions and making inferences from various data displays.

06Financial Literacy and Real World Modeling
Applying mathematical concepts to personal finance and complex multi-step problems in everyday life.
Using rates and decimal operations to create budgets and manage personal finances.
Using unit rates to compare prices and find the best value for purchases.
A basic introduction to how money grows over time with simple interest.
Exploring the basic concepts of credit, debt, and responsible borrowing.
Understanding different types of taxes and how they affect personal income.
Exploring basic concepts of saving money and simple investment strategies.