Canada · Ontario Curriculum Expectations
Grade 4 Mathematics
This course focuses on developing deep numerical fluency and spatial reasoning through hands on investigation. Students transition from additive to multiplicative thinking while exploring patterns, shapes, and data structures in real world contexts.
01The Power of Place Value and Large Numbers
Students investigate the base ten system to understand how digits shift in value and how large quantities can be decomposed.
Students explore how the position of a digit determines its value and how numbers up to 10,000 relate to one another using manipulatives.
Students practice reading and writing multi-digit whole numbers using base-ten numerals, number names, and expanded form through interactive games.
Students develop logical arguments for why one quantity is greater than another using place value evidence and number lines.
Students move beyond rules to understand when an estimate is more practical than an exact count, rounding to any place using real-world scenarios.
Students apply place value understanding to fluently add multi-digit whole numbers using standard algorithms and visual models.
Students apply place value understanding to fluently subtract multi-digit whole numbers using standard algorithms and concrete models.
Students solve multi-step word problems involving addition and subtraction of multi-digit numbers, assessing the reasonableness of answers.
Students explore factors and multiples through hands-on activities, identifying factor pairs and determining if a number is a multiple of another.
Students classify numbers as prime or composite by finding all factor pairs, using visual aids like arrays.
02Multiplicative Thinking and Operations
Students move from skip counting to understanding multiplication and division as scaling and inverse operations.
Students investigate multiplication through area models and arrays to visualize growth and equal groups, connecting to repeated addition.
Students multiply a whole number of up to four digits by a one-digit whole number using various strategies including the standard algorithm.
Students multiply two two-digit numbers using area models, partial products, and the standard algorithm.
Students understand division as partitioning and the relationship between remainders and real-world constraints through hands-on sharing activities.
Students find whole-number quotients and remainders with up to four-digit dividends and one-digit divisors using various strategies.
Students apply the distributive and associative properties to simplify multi-digit arithmetic and develop mental math strategies for multiplication and division.
Students solve multi-step word problems involving all four operations, including problems with remainders, and represent them with equations.
03Fractions, Decimals, and Parts of a Whole
Students explore the relationship between fractions and decimals while learning to compare non-whole values.
Students use visual models (fraction bars, number lines) to understand why different fractions can represent the same amount.
Students compare two fractions with different numerators and different denominators by creating common denominators or numerators using visual models.
Students develop strategies for combining fractional parts that share a common unit using concrete and pictorial models.
Students understand a fraction a/b as a sum of fractions 1/b and apply this to mixed numbers, representing decomposition in multiple ways.
Students add and subtract mixed numbers with like denominators, using properties of operations and the relationship between addition and subtraction.
Students understand a fraction a/b as a multiple of 1/b and multiply a fraction by a whole number using visual fraction models.
Students solve word problems involving addition and subtraction of fractions, and multiplication of a fraction by a whole number.
Students bridge the gap between fractional notation and decimal notation using the base ten system and visual models.
Students compare two decimals to hundredths by reasoning about their size, using visual models and place value understanding.
04Geometry and Spatial Reasoning
Students classify shapes based on properties and explore the concepts of symmetry and angles.
Students identify and classify geometric elements including parallel lines and right angles, drawing examples.
Students measure angles in whole-number degrees using a protractor and sketch angles of specified measure.
Students recognize angle measure as additive and solve addition and subtraction problems to find unknown angles on a diagram.
Students classify shapes based on properties, including parallel or perpendicular lines and types of angles, using a hierarchy.
Students analyze shapes to find lines of symmetry and understand how shapes can flip or slide through hands-on activities.
Students investigate how the dimensions of a rectangle affect its total space, calculating area using formulas and tiling.
Students investigate how the dimensions of a rectangle affect its boundary, calculating perimeter and solving problems involving composite shapes.
Students solve real-world and mathematical problems involving perimeter and area of rectangles, including finding unknown side lengths.
05Patterns, Data, and Probability
Students analyze patterns to make predictions and use data to tell a story about the world.
Students identify recursive and explicit rules for number and shape patterns, generating terms based on rules and observing features.
Students use many-to-one correspondence in graphs to represent large data sets, including line plots, bar graphs, and pictographs.
Students make a line plot to display a data set of measurements in fractions of a unit (1/2, 1/4, 1/8) and answer questions about the data.
Students explore the language of chance and predict outcomes of simple experiments using spinners, dice, and coin flips.
Students know relative sizes of measurement units within one system of units and express measurements in a larger unit in terms of a smaller unit.
Students know relative sizes of measurement units for mass and volume and solve problems involving these units using concrete examples.
Students solve word problems involving distances, liquid volumes, and masses of objects using all four operations.
Students solve word problems involving addition and subtraction of time intervals in minutes, hours, and days using number lines.
Students solve word problems involving money, including adding and subtracting amounts and making change in simulated real-world contexts.
Students engage in a comprehensive review of all major Grade 4 mathematical concepts through integrated problem-solving activities.