Grade 11 Chemistry

Students will trace the historical development of atomic theory, examining key experiments and models that shaped our understanding of matter.

Students will investigate the experiments that led to the discovery of electrons, protons, and neutrons, and their placement within atomic models.

Students will examine the Bohr model of the atom, focusing on quantized energy levels and their relation to atomic spectra.

Students will investigate the transition from Bohr's model to the quantum mechanical model, exploring orbitals, quantum numbers, and electron configurations.

Students will differentiate between isotopes, calculate average atomic mass, and understand the basics of mass spectrometry.

Students will explore the historical development of the periodic table, focusing on Mendeleev's contributions and the organization based on atomic number.

Students will analyze how effective nuclear charge and shielding influence atomic radius and ionization energy across periods and groups.

Students will investigate the trends in electronegativity and reactivity, connecting them to an element's position on the periodic table.

Students will classify elements based on their properties and position on the periodic table, understanding their general characteristics.

Students will review valence electrons and learn to draw Lewis dot structures for atoms and simple ions.

Students will explore the formation of ionic bonds, the properties of ionic compounds, and how to write chemical formulas.

Students will investigate the sharing of electrons in covalent bonds, drawing Lewis structures for molecular compounds.

Students will examine the 'sea of electrons' model for metallic bonding and relate it to the unique properties of metals.

Students will distinguish between nonpolar and polar covalent bonds and determine the overall polarity of molecules.

Students will predict the three-dimensional arrangement of atoms in a molecule based on electron repulsion using VSEPR theory.

Students will identify and compare different types of intermolecular forces and their impact on physical properties.

Students will define the mole as a counting unit and perform conversions between moles and the number of particles.

Students will calculate molar mass for elements and compounds and perform conversions between mass, moles, and particles.

Students will calculate percent composition and determine empirical and molecular formulas from experimental data.

Students will learn to balance chemical equations to satisfy the law of conservation of mass.

Students will use mole ratios from balanced equations to perform mole-to-mole conversions.

Students will perform stoichiometric calculations involving mass conversions between reactants and products.

Students will identify limiting reactants, calculate theoretical yield, and determine percent yield for chemical reactions.

Students will identify observable evidence that indicates a chemical change has occurred.

Students will identify and predict products for synthesis and decomposition reactions.

Students will identify and predict products for single and double displacement reactions, using the activity series and solubility rules.

Students will identify combustion reactions and be introduced to the concept of oxidation-reduction.

Students will understand the nature of aqueous solutions and apply solubility rules to predict precipitate formation.

Students will write complete and net ionic equations for reactions in aqueous solutions.

Students will define key terms related to solutions and classify different types of solutions.

Students will examine the intermolecular forces involved in the formation of solutions and the energy changes.

Students will investigate how temperature, pressure, and surface area affect the solubility of solids, liquids, and gases.

Students will calculate and interpret different units of concentration, including molarity and percent composition.

Students will learn to prepare solutions of specific concentrations and perform dilution calculations.

Students will investigate how the presence of a solute affects the physical properties of a solvent.

Students will explore the unique properties of gases and understand them through the postulates of Kinetic Molecular Theory.

Students will investigate the inverse relationship between pressure and volume (Boyle's Law) and the direct relationship between volume and temperature (Charles's Law).

Students will explore the relationship between pressure and temperature (Gay-Lussac's Law) and combine the gas laws into a single equation.

Students will understand the relationship between moles and volume (Avogadro's Law) and apply the Ideal Gas Law.

Students will calculate partial pressures of gases in a mixture and understand their relationship to total pressure.

Students will apply stoichiometric principles to reactions involving gases at various conditions, including STP and non-STP.

Students will explore the conditions under which real gases deviate from ideal gas behavior and the reasons why.

Students will define energy, heat, and work, and distinguish between endothermic and exothermic processes.

Students will understand enthalpy as a measure of heat content and calculate enthalpy changes for reactions.

Students will learn the principles of calorimetry and perform calculations involving specific heat capacity.

Students will apply Hess's Law to calculate enthalpy changes for reactions that cannot be measured directly.

Students will use standard enthalpies of formation to calculate reaction enthalpies.

Students will identify the characteristic properties of acids and bases and common examples.

Students will compare and contrast the Arrhenius and Brønsted-Lowry definitions of acids and bases.

Students will understand the pH scale and perform calculations involving pH, pOH, [H+], and [OH-].

Students will differentiate between strong and weak acids and bases based on their ionization in water.

Students will explore neutralization reactions and apply stoichiometry to acid-base titrations.

Students will explore how concentration, temperature, surface area, and catalysts influence the speed of a reaction.

Students will understand how collision theory explains reaction rates and the concept of activation energy.

Students will understand the concept of dynamic equilibrium in reversible reactions.

Students will apply Le Chatelier's Principle to predict how changes in conditions affect systems at equilibrium.

Students will write equilibrium expressions and calculate the equilibrium constant for reversible reactions.