Canada · Ontario Curriculum Expectations
Grade 12 Chemistry
This course explores the behavior of matter through the lens of energy, equilibrium, and atomic structure. Students investigate how microscopic interactions dictate macroscopic properties and develop mathematical models to predict chemical phenomena.
Structure and Properties of Matter
Students examine quantum mechanical models of the atom and how electronic configurations influence molecular shape and intermolecular forces.
Exploration of the transition from the Bohr model to the quantum mechanical model using probability and orbitals.
Using VSEPR theory and hybridization to predict the three dimensional geometry of complex molecules.
Analyzing how the strength of forces between molecules dictates the boiling point, solubility, and state of matter.
Energy Changes and Rates of Reaction
An investigation into the thermochemistry of chemical changes and the factors that influence the speed of a reaction.
Measuring and calculating heat changes in physical and chemical processes using Hess's Law and calorimetry.
Analyzing the factors that affect reaction rates and the mathematical determination of rate laws.
Evaluating the sequence of elementary steps that make up a complex chemical reaction.
Chemical Systems and Equilibrium
Exploring the dynamic nature of reversible reactions and the quantitative analysis of systems at equilibrium.
Defining the state where forward and reverse reaction rates are equal in a closed system.
Predicting the shift of a system in response to changes in concentration, temperature, and pressure.
Applying equilibrium principles to the dissolution and precipitation of sparingly soluble ionic compounds.
Acid-Base Equilibria
Advanced study of proton transfer reactions, pH calculations, and the behavior of buffer systems.
Analyzing acid-base reactions as competition for protons between conjugate pairs.
Using titration data to determine unknown concentrations and analyzing the shape of pH curves.
Investigating how buffers resist changes in pH and their importance in biological and industrial systems.
Electrochemistry
The study of electron transfer in redox reactions and the conversion between chemical and electrical energy.
Identifying oxidation and reduction processes and balancing complex equations in acidic and basic media.
Comparing spontaneous and non-spontaneous electrochemical cells and their practical applications.
Examining the economic impact of corrosion and the use of electrolysis in metal refining.
Organic Chemistry and Stoichiometry
Focusing on the structure, nomenclature, and quantitative reactions of carbon based compounds.
Identifying and naming hydrocarbons, alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, and esters.
Exploring substitution, addition, elimination, and esterification reactions.
Applying stoichiometric principles to combustion analysis and percent yield in organic synthesis.