Canada · Ontario Curriculum Expectations
Grade 11 Biology
An intensive exploration of the complexity of life from the molecular level to entire ecosystems. Students investigate the mechanisms of inheritance, the diversity of living organisms, and the physiological systems that maintain human health.
Diversity of Living Things
Students examine the principles of taxonomy and the characteristics of the three domains of life. The unit focuses on the importance of biodiversity and the evolutionary relationships between different groups of organisms.
Investigation of the binomial nomenclature system and the use of phylogenetic trees to represent evolutionary history.
A deep dive into the structure and function of Bacteria, Archaea, and the unique status of viruses.
Exploring the vast diversity of eukaryotic microorganisms and the ecological roles of fungi.
Genetic Continuity
This unit covers the molecular basis of heredity, including mitosis, meiosis, and Mendelian genetics. Students explore how genetic information is passed through generations and how mutations occur.
Comparing the processes of mitosis and meiosis and their roles in growth and sexual reproduction.
Applying Punnett squares to predict inheritance patterns and understanding DNA structure.
Examining modern applications of genetics such as CRISPR, cloning, and genetic screening.
Evolutionary Processes
Students investigate the mechanisms of evolution, including natural selection, adaptation, and speciation. The unit emphasizes the evidence supporting evolutionary theory.
Analyzing how natural, sexual, and artificial selection drive changes in populations over time.
Reviewing fossil records, comparative anatomy, and molecular biology as evidence for common descent.
Studying the processes that lead to the formation of new species and the patterns of extinction.
Animals: Structure and Function
An exploration of the internal systems of animals, with a focus on human anatomy. Topics include digestion, respiration, and circulation.
The mechanics and chemistry of breaking down food and absorbing nutrients.
Analyzing how oxygen is transported and how the heart maintains systemic homeostasis.
Investigating diseases of the human systems and the medical technologies used to treat them.
Plants: Anatomy and Growth
This unit focuses on plant tissues, vascular systems, and the factors that influence plant growth and reproduction.
Understanding how xylem and phloem transport water and nutrients through the plant body.
Exploring the role of hormones in plant development and the diversity of reproductive strategies.
Analyzing the importance of plants in carbon sequestration and as a source of medicine.
Ecosystem Dynamics
Students analyze the interactions between biotic and abiotic factors and the impact of human activity on ecosystem sustainability.
Tracing the path of energy through trophic levels and the cycling of matter in the biosphere.
Examining factors that influence population growth, density, and distribution.
Investigating strategies for restoring habitats and protecting endangered species.