Active learning ideas
The final topic in the Year 11 course focuses on making sense of the data collected in research. Students learn to use descriptive statistics, such as measures of central tendency (mean, median, mode) and measures of variation (standard deviation and range). They also learn to evaluate the quality of research by looking at its reliability (consistency) and validity (accuracy).
Activity 01
The class conducts a simple, ethical test (e.g., reaction times). Groups then take the raw data and calculate the mean, median, and range, and create a graph to represent the findings.
How do psychologists analyse quantitative and qualitative data?
Activity 02
Each group is assigned one statistical concept (e.g., Standard Deviation). They must create a 3-minute 'plain English' explanation and a visual aid to teach the rest of the class how it works.
What is the difference between reliability and validity?
Activity 03
Students are given examples of 'broken' tools (e.g., a scale that is always 2kg off). They discuss in pairs whether the tool is reliable, valid, both, or neither, and why.
How can we draw meaningful conclusions from research findings?
A few notes on teaching this unit
Watch Out for These Misconceptions
The 'mean' is always the best measure of the 'average'.
Students often default to the mean. Using a data set with an 'outlier' (e.g., one person with a million dollars) helps them see that the median is often a more accurate reflection of the 'typical' person.
If a study is reliable, it must be valid.
This is a common error. Teachers should use the 'target' analogy: you can hit the same spot every time (reliable) but still miss the bullseye (invalid). Peer discussion helps clarify this distinction.
Methods used in this brief
Research Methodologies and Designs
A comprehensive review of experimental and non-experimental research designs used in psychology, including observational studies and self-reports.
8 methodologies
Ethical Guidelines in Psychological Research
An analysis of the ethical principles that govern psychological research, ensuring the protection and wellbeing of human and animal participants.
8 methodologies