Concept Mapping
Build visual maps of concept relationships
At a Glance
Duration
20–40 min
Group Size
10–35 students
Space Setup
Tables with large paper, or wall space
Materials
- Concept cards or sticky notes
- Large paper
- Markers
- Example concept map
Bloom's Taxonomy
SEL Competencies
What is Concept Mapping?
Concept mapping is a visual pedagogical strategy that requires students to externalize their mental models by connecting related concepts with labeled, directional arrows. It works because it facilitates meaningful learning (the process of anchoring new information to existing cognitive structures) rather than rote memorization. By explicitly defining the relationships between ideas through linking phrases, students engage in high-level synthesis and organization of knowledge. This methodology serves as both a powerful formative assessment tool and a metacognitive exercise, allowing educators to identify misconceptions and gaps in understanding immediately. Beyond simple brainstorming, concept mapping enforces a hierarchical structure that mirrors how the brain stores complex information. Research indicates that the act of constructing these maps improves long-term retention and transfer of knowledge across diverse disciplines. It is particularly effective in STEM and social sciences where systems-thinking and cause-and-effect relationships are central to mastery. Ultimately, concept mapping transforms passive learners into active architects of their own knowledge by forcing them to justify the logic behind every connection they make.
Ideal for
When to Use It
Grade Bands
Subject Fit
How to Run a Concept Mapping
Define the Focus Question
Identify a specific problem or area of knowledge you want the students to map, such as 'How does the water cycle affect local weather?'
Generate a Parking Lot
Provide or have students brainstorm a list of 10 to 20 key concepts and terms related to the focus question.
Establish Hierarchy
Instruct students to place the most general and inclusive concepts at the top of the map and the most specific ones at the bottom.
Connect Concepts with Linking Phrases
Draw lines between concepts and require students to write a verb or short phrase (e.g., 'leads to', 'consists of', 'requires') on the line to create a proposition.
Identify Cross-Links
Challenge students to find and label connections between concepts in different segments or domains of the map to show complex interrelationships.
Review and Refine
Have students present their maps to peers for feedback, checking for logical flow and correcting any inaccurate propositions.
Research Evidence
Novak, J. D., Cañas, A. J.
2008 · Florida Institute for Human and Machine Cognition, Technical Report IHMC CmapTools 2006-01 Rev 01-2008
Concept maps facilitate meaningful learning by integrating new concepts into existing cognitive frameworks through hierarchical organization and cross-links.
Nesbit, J. C., Adesope, O. O.
2006 · Review of Educational Research, 76(3), 413–448
A meta-analysis of 55 studies found that concept mapping is more effective than reading text, attending lectures, or participating in class discussions for knowledge retention.
Schroeder, N. L., Nesbit, J. C., Anguiano, C. J., Adesope, O. O.
2018 · Educational Psychology Review, 30(2), 431–455
The study confirmed that both studying expert-provided maps and constructing original maps significantly enhance student learning outcomes across various educational levels.
Topics That Work Well With Concept Mapping
Browse curriculum topics where Concept Mapping is a suggested active learning strategy.
Settlement & the Thirteen Colonies
8th Grade · American History
The French and Indian War
8th Grade · American History
Principles of the Constitution
8th Grade · American History
The Industrial Revolution & Transportation
8th Grade · American History
The Mexican-American War
8th Grade · American History
Resources & Strategies
8th Grade · American History
Hominid Evolution & Migration
6th Grade · Ancient Civilizations
The Rise of Complex Societies
6th Grade · Ancient Civilizations
The Phoenician Traders
6th Grade · Ancient Civilizations
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the difference between a mind map and a concept map?
How do I use Concept Mapping in my classroom?
What are the benefits of Concept Mapping for students?
Can Concept Mapping be used as a formal assessment?
How does Concept Mapping support diverse learners?
Generate a Mission with Concept Mapping
Use Flip Education to create a complete Concept Mapping lesson plan, aligned to your curriculum and ready to use in class.