200 entries
The teacher's encyclopedia.
A comprehensive guide to teaching strategies, learning theories, and pedagogical concepts.
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In Learning science
43 entries
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Cognitive ApprenticeshipCognitive apprenticeship makes expert thinking visible by embedding learners in authentic tasks alongside skilled practitioners, bridging classroom knowledge and real-world performance.Cognitive Load TheoryCognitive Load Theory explains how the brain manages information during learning, and why instructional design that respects working memory limits produces deeper understanding.Concept MappingConcept mapping is a visual knowledge-representation technique that externalizes how ideas connect, helping students build deeper understanding and teachers diagnose misconceptions.Constructivism in EducationConstructivism holds that learners build knowledge actively through experience, not passive reception. A foundational theory shaping modern pedagogy worldwide.Critical Thinking in EducationCritical thinking is the disciplined process of actively analyzing, synthesizing, and evaluating information to reach well-reasoned conclusions. Here's how to teach it.
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Deliberate PracticeDeliberate practice is a structured, effortful form of training designed to improve specific performance components through focused repetition and expert feedback.Desirable DifficultiesDesirable difficulties are learning conditions that slow initial acquisition but produce stronger long-term retention and transfer than easier alternatives.Dual Coding TheoryDual coding theory explains how combining verbal and visual information creates stronger memory traces than either channel alone, a finding with direct implications for lesson design.
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Elaboration as a Learning StrategyElaboration is a metacognitive learning strategy where students explain and connect new information to what they already know, significantly deepening retention and transfer.Executive Function SkillsExecutive function skills are the cognitive processes that allow students to plan, focus, remember, and regulate behavior, the mental foundation for all academic learning.
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Graphic OrganizersGraphic organizers are visual tools that represent relationships between ideas, helping students organize thinking, reduce cognitive load, and build deeper understanding.Growth MindsetGrowth mindset is the belief that intelligence and ability develop through effort and strategy. Carol Dweck's research shows it predicts academic resilience and achievement.
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Higher-Order Thinking SkillsHigher-order thinking skills move students beyond recall into analysis, evaluation, and creation, the cognitive work that builds lasting understanding and transfers to new problems.Historical Thinking SkillsHistorical thinking skills are the disciplinary habits historians use to analyze the past, sourcing, corroboration, contextualization, and close reading of evidence.
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Information LiteracyInformation literacy is the ability to recognize when information is needed, then locate, evaluate, and use it effectively and ethically, a foundational skill for lifelong learning.Interleaving PracticeInterleaving practice mixes different topics or problem types during study sessions, producing stronger long-term retention than blocked practice despite feeling harder.
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Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs in EducationMaslow's hierarchy explains why students can't learn when basic needs go unmet. A practical framework for understanding what every classroom must provide before instruction can succeed.Media LiteracyMedia literacy is the ability to access, analyze, evaluate, and create media in all forms. A foundational skill for informed citizenship in the digital age.MetacognitionMetacognition is thinking about your own thinking, the capacity to monitor, evaluate, and regulate your cognitive processes to learn more effectively.Motivation in EducationMotivation in education determines whether students engage, persist, and learn. Understanding its mechanisms gives teachers practical tools to build lasting drive.Multiple Intelligences TheoryHoward Gardner's theory proposes eight distinct intelligences beyond IQ, reshaping how educators understand student potential and design learning experiences.
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Problem-Solving SkillsProblem-solving skills are the cognitive processes that enable learners to identify, analyze, and resolve novel challenges,and they can be explicitly taught.Productive FailureProductive failure is a learning design where students attempt problems before instruction, generating errors that prime deeper understanding of the teaching that follows.Productive StruggleProductive struggle is the deliberate practice of letting students wrestle with challenging problems long enough to build deep understanding and mathematical reasoning.
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Reflection in LearningReflection in learning is the deliberate cognitive process of examining experience to construct meaning. Research shows it deepens understanding and builds self-regulated learners.Research Skills for StudentsResearch skills equip students to find, evaluate, and synthesize information independently. Learn the core competencies, classroom strategies, and evidence behind teaching research effectively.
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Schema TheorySchema theory explains how the brain organizes knowledge into mental frameworks. Understanding schemas helps teachers activate prior knowledge and build lasting comprehension.Self-Determination TheorySelf-Determination Theory explains human motivation through three universal needs: autonomy, competence, and relatedness. When schools meet these needs, students engage deeply and learn.Self-Regulated LearningSelf-regulated learning is the process by which students take ownership of their own learning through goal-setting, strategy use, and self-reflection.Situated LearningSituated learning holds that knowledge is inseparable from the context in which it is used. Learning happens best when embedded in authentic activity, culture, and community.Social Learning Theory (Bandura)Albert Bandura's social learning theory holds that people learn by observing others, not just through direct experience, reshaping how educators think about modeling and peer influence.Spaced Practice (Distributed Practice)Spaced practice distributes study sessions over time rather than concentrating them before a deadline, one of the most robust memory-enhancement techniques in cognitive science.Student Goal SettingStudent goal setting teaches learners to define, pursue, and reflect on personal academic targets, a practice linked to higher achievement and stronger self-regulation.
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Thinking Routines (Project Zero)Thinking routines are simple, repeatable frameworks developed by Harvard's Project Zero that make student thinking visible and build lasting habits of mind.Transfer of LearningTransfer of learning is the ability to apply knowledge or skills learned in one context to a new situation, the ultimate goal of education.
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Venn Diagrams in TeachingVenn diagrams help students visualize relationships between concepts through overlapping circles, building comparative thinking and deepening conceptual understanding.Visible Learning (Hattie)John Hattie's synthesis of 800+ meta-analyses identifying the influences that most strongly accelerate student achievement, and the teaching practices that make learning visible.