Learning Contracts

Learning Contracts

Student-negotiated goals, methods, and assessment criteria

45–90 min1–35 studentsStandard classroom with individual workspace

At a Glance

Duration

45–90 min

Group Size

1–35 students

Space Setup

Standard classroom with individual workspace

Materials

  • Contract template (goals, activities, evidence, timeline)
  • Check-in schedule
  • Self-assessment rubric
  • Portfolio or evidence collection guide

Bloom's Taxonomy

ApplyAnalyzeCreate

SEL Competencies

Self-ManagementDecision-Making

What is Learning Contracts?

Learning contracts are formal, written agreements between a teacher and a student that define specific learning goals, resources, and assessment criteria for a unit of study. This methodology works by shifting the locus of control from the instructor to the learner, fostering self-regulation and intrinsic motivation through personalized pacing and choice. By articulating clear expectations and consequences, contracts provide a structured framework for differentiation, allowing students to pursue mastery at their own level while remaining accountable for core curriculum standards. This approach is particularly effective in diverse classrooms because it acknowledges individual readiness and interests, transforming the student from a passive recipient of information into an active stakeholder in their academic progress. Beyond content mastery, learning contracts develop essential metacognitive skills, as students must reflect on their learning preferences and manage their time effectively to meet agreed-upon deadlines. The psychological commitment inherent in a signed document enhances student buy-in and reduces friction in the classroom management process, as the criteria for success are co-constructed and transparent from the outset.

Ideal for

Differentiated and personalized learningBuilding student agency and ownershipIndependent research projectsDeveloping goal-setting and self-monitoring skills

When to Use It

Grade Bands

K-2 –3-5 ✓6-8 ★9-12 ★

Subject Fit

Math ✓ELA ★Science ★Social Studies ★SEL ★Arts ★

How to Run a Learning Contracts

1

Define Learning Objectives

Identify the essential standards and skills that all students must master by the end of the unit.

2

Develop Activity Menus

Create a list of varied learning activities and resources categorized by difficulty or interest area to provide student choice.

3

Negotiate Terms

Meet with each student to discuss their selected activities, required evidence of learning, and specific deadlines.

4

Formalize the Agreement

Draft the final contract document and have both the teacher and student sign it to signify mutual commitment.

5

Monitor Progress

Schedule regular check-ins or 'office hours' where students report on their status and receive feedback on their work-in-progress.

6

Assess and Reflect

Evaluate the final products against the contract's rubrics and facilitate a student self-reflection on their learning process.

Research Evidence

Knowles, M. S.

1986 · Jossey-Bass Higher Education Series, 1st Edition, 1-15

Learning contracts bridge the gap between learner needs and institutional requirements by promoting self-directed learning and mutual respect in the educational process.

Frank, T., Scharff, L. F. V.

2013 · Journal of the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning, 13(4), 36-53

The use of learning contracts significantly increases student autonomy and self-efficacy, leading to higher levels of engagement and a more positive perception of the learning environment.

Anderson, G., Boud, D., Sampson, J.

1996 · Routledge, 1st Edition, 22-45

Structured contracts provide a necessary scaffolding for students to transition from teacher-dependent learning to independent inquiry, improving long-term retention of material.

Topics That Work Well With Learning Contracts

Browse curriculum topics where Learning Contracts is a suggested active learning strategy.

Works with any topic

Learning Contracts is a flexible strategy you can apply across subjects and grade levels.

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Frequently Asked Questions

What is a learning contract in education?
A learning contract is a negotiated agreement between a teacher and student that outlines what will be learned, how it will be learned, and how success will be measured. It serves as a roadmap for personalized instruction, ensuring both parties are aligned on academic expectations and responsibilities.
How do I use learning contracts in my classroom?
Start by identifying core standards and then provide a menu of activities or projects students can choose from to demonstrate mastery. You must meet with students individually to finalize their specific goals and set a firm timeline for completion.
What are the benefits of learning contracts for students?
The primary benefits include increased student agency, improved time management skills, and the ability to work at a personalized pace. Contracts empower students to take ownership of their education, which often leads to deeper engagement and higher-quality work.
Are learning contracts effective for students with special needs?
Yes, learning contracts are highly effective for differentiation because they allow for modified goals and alternative assessment methods tailored to an Individualized Education Program (IEP). They provide the clear structure and predictable expectations that many students with diverse learning needs require to succeed.
How do you grade a learning contract?
Grading is based on the specific criteria and rubrics co-established within the contract itself. Teachers assess whether the student met the agreed-upon milestones and quality standards, often incorporating a self-reflection component into the final grade.

Generate a Mission with Learning Contracts

Use Flip Education to create a complete Learning Contracts lesson plan, aligned to your curriculum and ready to use in class.

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