Singapore · MOE Syllabus Outcomes
Secondary 4 Science (Chemistry, Biology).
This curriculum covers the Secondary 4 Science (Biology) syllabus, preparing students for the Singapore GCE O-Level examinations. It focuses on the maintenance of life, coordination, reproduction, and ecological relationships.
01Maintenance of Life
Students explore the transport systems in plants and humans, as well as the process of respiration for energy release.
Students explore the structure and function of the human heart, blood vessels, and blood components. They will understand how materials are transported throughout the body.
This topic covers the movement of water and food in plants via the xylem and phloem. Students will investigate the process of transpiration and its importance.
Students differentiate between aerobic and anaerobic respiration and examine the human gas exchange system. The focus is on energy release and the mechanics of breathing.
02Coordination and Response
This unit introduces the nervous and endocrine systems, detailing how humans detect and respond to changes in their environment.
An introduction to the central and peripheral nervous systems, focusing on reflex actions and voluntary responses. Students will also study the structure of the human eye.
This topic explores the endocrine system and the role of hormones as chemical messengers. The effects of adrenaline during 'fight or flight' situations are highlighted.
Students learn about the concept of homeostasis and negative feedback mechanisms. The regulation of body temperature by the skin is used as a primary example.
03Reproduction and Cell Division
Students investigate the mechanisms of cell division and the reproductive processes in both plants and humans.
Students examine the processes of mitosis and meiosis, understanding their significance in growth, repair, and gamete formation. The concept of homologous chromosomes is introduced.
This topic covers asexual and sexual reproduction in flowering plants. Students will study flower structure, pollination mechanisms, and fertilization.
Understand the processes of sexual reproduction, including gamete formation and fertilisation.
04Genetics and Ecology
This unit covers the inheritance of traits through generations and the interactions of organisms within their ecosystems.
Students delve into the principles of inheritance, studying genes, alleles, and monohybrid crosses. They will learn to use genetic diagrams to predict offspring traits.
This topic explores how energy flows through food chains and webs in an ecosystem. Students will also study the carbon cycle and its importance.
Review the core principles and practical applications emphasised in this unit.