Singapore · MOE Syllabus Outcomes
JC 1 Knowledge and Inquiry.
Knowledge and Inquiry (KI) explores the nature and construction of knowledge across different disciplines. Students will critically evaluate the basis of knowledge claims, understand the methodologies of various fields, and develop independent research skills in preparation for their Independent Study.
01The Nature and Construction of Knowledge
An introduction to epistemology, focusing on the definition, sources, and justification of knowledge.
Students explore the classical definition of knowledge as justified true belief and examine Gettier problems. They will evaluate how absolute certainty differs from belief.
This topic investigates primary sources of knowledge such as perception, reason, memory, and testimony. Students will assess the reliability and limitations of these sources.
Students analyze correspondence, coherence, and pragmatic theories of truth. They will apply these theories to real-world knowledge claims across different contexts.
02Scientific Inquiry and the Natural World
An examination of how knowledge is constructed, validated, and revised in the natural sciences.
Students examine the inductive and deductive processes in science, focusing on Karl Popper's theory of falsification. They will evaluate the demarcation problem between science and pseudoscience.
This topic explores Thomas Kuhn's concept of paradigm shifts and normal science. Students will debate the cumulative nature of scientific progress.
Students investigate the intersection of scientific inquiry and ethical considerations. They will analyze how societal values influence scientific research and funding.
03Inquiry in the Humanities and Social Sciences
Exploring the methodologies, challenges, and nature of truth in studying human behavior and history.
Students explore the methodology of historians, focusing on source analysis and the construction of historical narratives. They will debate the possibility of objective history.
This topic examines the complexities of studying human behavior, comparing quantitative and qualitative methods. Students will evaluate phenomena like the Hawthorne effect and observer bias.
Students analyze the concept of 'Verstehen' (understanding) in the social sciences and humanities. They will assess empathy as a valid tool for acquiring knowledge.
04Formal Knowledge: Mathematics and Logic
Investigating the foundations of formal systems, deductive reasoning, and mathematical truth.
Students investigate whether mathematics is discovered or invented. They will explore the foundational role of axioms and deductive reasoning in establishing mathematical certainty.
This topic covers the principles of formal logic, distinguishing between validity and soundness. Students will identify and deconstruct common logical fallacies.
Students are introduced to the limitations of formal logic and mathematics, touching upon concepts like Gödel's Incompleteness Theorems. They will evaluate the boundaries of deductive certainty.
05The Independent Study (Research Praxis)
Practical application of epistemological concepts to design and structure the H2 KI Independent Study.
Students learn to craft a focused, arguable, and epistemologically relevant research question. They will align their question with the requirements of the KI Independent Study.
This topic guides students through synthesizing existing literature and selecting appropriate methodologies for their independent study. They will justify their chosen approach.
Students focus on structuring their final Independent Study paper, ensuring a coherent epistemological argument. They will practice peer review and revision.