Singapore · MOE Syllabus Outcomes
Secondary 4 Biology
An advanced exploration of biological principles focusing on the molecular basis of life and the intricate systems that maintain homeostasis. This course prepares students for higher level scientific inquiry through the lens of the Singapore GCE O-Level syllabus.
Molecular Basis of Life and Nutrition
Investigating the biochemical building blocks of life and how organisms harness energy through specialized digestive and enzymatic processes.
Analyzing the properties of enzymes and the factors affecting their activity in metabolic reactions.
Tracing the path of nutrients through the human alimentary canal and their absorption into the bloodstream.
Understanding how plants convert light energy into chemical energy and the structural adaptations of leaves.
Transport Systems in Living Organisms
Comparing the mechanisms of internal transport in plants and humans to ensure the delivery of essential substances.
Examining the heart, blood vessels, and the composition of blood in maintaining systemic health.
Studying the movement of water and nutrients through xylem and phloem tissues.
Respiration and Homeostasis
Exploring how organisms extract energy from food and maintain a stable internal environment despite external changes.
Investigating aerobic and anaerobic respiration and the mechanics of the human breathing system.
Understanding the role of the nephron in removing nitrogenous waste and regulating water potential.
Analyzing the nervous and endocrine systems and their role in maintaining internal stability.
Continuity of Life: Reproduction
Examining the biological processes that ensure the survival of species through sexual and asexual reproduction.
Focusing on the structure of flowers, pollination, and the process of fertilization in angiosperms.
Studying the male and female reproductive systems, the menstrual cycle, and embryonic development.
Genetics and Inheritance
Demystifying the patterns of inheritance and the molecular structure of DNA that governs variation.
Differentiating between the processes that lead to growth and those that lead to gamete formation.
Exploring DNA structure, protein synthesis, and Monohybrid inheritance patterns.
Analyzing how genetic variation and environmental pressures drive the process of natural selection.
Ecology and Environmental Sustainability
Evaluating the relationships between organisms and their environment and the human impact on global ecosystems.
Tracing the movement of energy through food webs and the cycling of carbon in the biosphere.
Assessing the effects of pollution, deforestation, and conservation efforts on biodiversity.