Singapore · MOE Syllabus Outcomes
JC 2 Biology
An intensive study of molecular biology and complex biological systems designed for pre-university students. This course explores the intricacies of genetic inheritance, evolutionary mechanisms, and the physiological processes that sustain life at the cellular and organismal levels.
Molecular Architecture and Cellular Control
Explores the relationship between macromolecular structure and cellular function with a focus on protein synthesis and enzymatic regulation.
Investigation into the hierarchical structure of proteins and the kinetics of enzyme-catalyzed reactions.
Analysis of DNA structure and the mechanisms of transcription and translation in eukaryotes.
Study of the fluid mosaic model and how cells communicate through signal transduction pathways.
Genetics, Heredity and Variation
Examines the patterns of inheritance from Mendelian genetics to complex polygenic traits and chromosomal aberrations.
Understanding how alleles interact to produce phenotypic variation in populations.
Exploration of DNA technology including PCR, gel electrophoresis, and gene cloning.
The study of whole genomes and the application of genetic data to individual healthcare.
Energy Transformation and Metabolism
Detailed analysis of the biochemical pathways of photosynthesis and cellular respiration.
Mechanisms of light absorption and the fixation of carbon dioxide in plants.
The breakdown of glucose to produce ATP through glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation.
How cells coordinate different metabolic pathways to maintain energy balance.
Evolution and Diversity of Life
Investigating the evidence for evolution, the mechanisms of speciation, and the history of life on Earth.
The process by which populations become better suited to their environments over time.
How new species arise and the methods used to classify the tree of life.
Study of large scale evolutionary trends including mass extinctions and adaptive radiations.
Physiology and Internal Regulation
Explores the complex interactions within the human body to maintain internal stability and respond to external stimuli.
The transmission of nerve impulses and the processing of information in the central nervous system.
The role of the endocrine system in controlling growth, metabolism, and reproduction.
Mechanisms of innate and adaptive immunity in defending the body against pathogens.
Ecology and Sustainable Systems
Analysis of ecosystem dynamics, energy flow, and the impact of human activity on global biodiversity.
The flow of energy and cycling of nutrients through various trophic levels.
Examining the biological consequences of rising global temperatures and habitat loss.
Strategies for the protection of endangered species and the restoration of degraded habitats.