India · CBSE Learning Outcomes
Class 9 Social Science
Class 9 Social Science: world history (French Revolution, Russian Revolution, Nazism), India's physical geography, democratic governance, and introductory economics including village economy and food security.
The French Revolution
The revolution that overthrew the monarchy in France and gave the world the ideas of liberty, equality, and fraternity.
The crisis of the ancien regime: the inequality of the three estates, bread shortages, and the bankruptcy of the state.
The transition from the Estates General to the National Assembly and the storming of the Bastille.
The drafting of the 1791 Constitution and the Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen.
The rise of the Jacobins, the execution of Louis XVI, and the establishment of the Republic.
Robespierre's rule of "virtue and terror" and the subsequent fall of the Jacobins.
The participation of women in revolutionary events and the struggle for political rights.
The impact of revolutionary ideals on French colonies and the eventual end of slavery.
Socialism in Europe and the Russian Revolution
The rise of socialist thought and the transformation of Russia into the world's first communist state.
Liberals, Radicals, and Conservatives: the different visions for restructuring European society.
The social, economic, and political conditions of Russia under Tsar Nicholas II.
The "Bloody Sunday" incident and the formation of the first Duma.
The fall of the monarchy in Petrograd and the establishment of the Provisional Government.
The Bolshevik seizure of power led by Lenin and the April Theses.
The conflict between the Reds, Whites, and Greens, and the start of centralized planning.
The rise of Stalin, the liquidation of Kulaks, and the Great Terror.
Nazism and the Rise of Hitler
The collapse of democracy in Germany and the catastrophic impact of Nazi ideology.
The end of WWI, the Treaty of Versailles, and the struggle for democratic stability.
The growth of the Nazi Party during the Great Depression and the destruction of democracy.
The pseudo-scientific theories of race and the concept of Lebensraum.
The indoctrination of the young and the role of women in the "Racial State".
How the Nazis used language and media to dehumanize enemies and glorify the leader.
The systematic persecution and genocide of Jews, Roma, and other groups.
Physical Geography of India
The geological structure, relief features, and drainage systems of the Indian subcontinent.
India's coordinate position, its central location in Asia, and its maritime neighbors.
The theory of plate tectonics and the formation of the Gondwana landmass.
The longitudinal divisions of the Himalayas: Himadri, Himachal, and Shiwaliks.
The formation of the Indo-Gangetic plains and their regional divisions (Bhabar, Terai, Bhangar, Khadar).
The Central Highlands and the Deccan Plateau: their minerals, slopes, and Ghats.
The Western and Eastern coasts and the Lakshadweep and Andaman & Nicobar islands.
The Thar Desert: its climate, vegetation, and unique landforms like Barchans.
The Indus, Ganga, and Brahmaputra: their origins, tributaries, and drainage basins.
East-flowing and west-flowing rivers and the role of lakes in the ecosystem.
Climate, Vegetation, and Wildlife
The factors influencing India's climate and the rich biodiversity of the country.
Latitude, altitude, pressure, and the influence of the Jet Streams.
The heating of the landmass, the shift of the ITCZ, and the El Nino effect.
Cold Weather, Hot Weather, Advancing Monsoon, and Retreating Monsoon.
The characteristics, regions, and species of India's dominant forest types.
Vegetation in arid regions and the unique adaptations of tidal forests.
Biosphere reserves, National Parks, and the protection of endangered species.
Democratic Politics
Understanding the principles of democracy, constitutional design, and institutional frameworks.
The features of democracy and the arguments for and against this form of government.
The historical context, the Constituent Assembly, and the guiding values of the Preamble.
Voter lists, nomination of candidates, and the code of conduct.
The difference between Political and Permanent Executives.
The structure of the Indian courts and the power of Judicial Review.
The six fundamental rights and their enforcement through the courts.
Economics: Production and Human Resources
The factors of production and the importance of investing in people.
Land, labor, physical capital, and human capital in the context of rural India.
The introduction of HYV seeds, chemical fertilizers, and their impact on yields.
The role of education and health in transforming population into an asset.
Primary, secondary, and tertiary sectors and the gendered division of labor.
Seasonal, disguised, and educated unemployment in India.
Poverty and Food Security
The challenges of poverty and the mechanisms to ensure food for all.
Defining poverty through indicators like illiteracy, lack of healthcare, and social exclusion.
Inter-state disparities in India and the global reduction of poverty.
Promotion of economic growth and targeted anti-poverty programs like MGNREGA.
Availability, accessibility, and affordability of food.
The role of the Food Corporation of India (FCI) and Fair Price Shops.
Success stories like Amul and Mother Dairy in providing food at controlled rates.
Legal entitlements to food and the expansion of the safety net.