India · CBSE Learning Outcomes
Class 8 Social Science
Class 8 Social Science: the modern period from Company rule to the nationalist movement, resources and industries in geography, and civic themes including the Indian Constitution, secularism, and the marginalisation of communities.
Expansion of British Power
The transition of the East India Company from traders to rulers, exploring administrative changes and the impact on the Indian economy.
The East India Company's transformation from a trading enterprise to a territorial power: the battles of Plassey and Buxar.
The aggressive policies of Dalhousie and Wellesley to bring Indian princely states under direct British control.
The setup of a new judicial system and the reorganization of the army with Indian sepoys under British officers.
The Permanent Settlement, Ryotwari, and Mahalwari systems: how British land policies devastated Indian farmers.
How British laws affected forest-dwelling tribes and the subsequent tribal revolts like the Birsa Munda movement.
Resistance, Reform, and the 1857 Uprising
The Great Revolt of 1857 and the subsequent movements for social reform and educational change in India.
The causes, events, and aftermath of India's first war of independence: from sepoy grievances to the fall of the Company.
The decline of old ports like Surat and the rise of new colonial cities like Calcutta, Bombay, and New Delhi.
How British economic policies destroyed India's textile industry, turning India into an importer of Manchester cotton.
Raja Ram Mohan Roy, Jyotirao Phule, and others who challenged sati, child marriage, and the caste hierarchy.
The introduction of English education, the debate between Western and traditional learning, and Indian responses.
The specific efforts of women reformers like Pandita Ramabai and Tarabai Shinde in questioning gender inequality.
The Making of the National Movement
The rise of nationalism, the emergence of Mahatma Gandhi, and the final stages of the struggle for independence.
The founding of the Indian National Congress and the early phase of political consciousness.
The partition of Bengal and the rise of mass protest through the boycott of foreign goods.
Mahatma Gandhi's return to India and his early experiments with Satyagraha in Champaran, Kheda, and Ahmedabad.
The first major national movement uniting Hindus and Muslims against British rule after Jallianwala Bagh.
The salt tax protest and the mass breaking of colonial laws across the country.
The final push for freedom during World War II and the subsequent partition and independence of India.
Resources and Sustainable Development
A comprehensive study of natural and human resources, their distribution, and the need for conservation.
Understanding natural, human-made, and human resources and the concept of resource conservation.
The critical importance of land and water resources and the methods to prevent soil degradation.
The distribution of forests and wildlife in India and the importance of biodiversity conservation.
Extraction of minerals and the shift from conventional to non-conventional energy sources.
Subsistence vs. commercial farming, major crops, and the green revolution in India.
Population distribution, density, and the factors affecting population change in India.
Economic Development and Industries
The classification of industries, industrial regions, and the socio-economic impact of industrialization.
Categorizing industries based on raw materials, size, and ownership.
The backbone of modern industry: a study of TATA Steel and the global steel industry.
From ancient handlooms to modern powerlooms: the evolution of textile manufacturing.
The rise of the knowledge-based industry and India's role as a global IT hub.
Learning from the Bhopal Gas Tragedy: the importance of industrial safety and government regulations.
The Constitution and Social Justice
The framework of Indian democracy, the role of the judiciary, and the protection of fundamental rights.
The key features of the Constitution including Federalism, Parliamentary form of government, and Separation of Powers.
The Indian model of secularism and its role in maintaining religious harmony.
The role of the Parliament in law-making and representing the will of the people.
How laws are made and the concept of the Rule of Law in India.
The structure of courts in India and the importance of an independent judiciary.
The roles of the Police, Public Prosecutor, Defense Lawyer, and the Judge.
Marginalisation and Public Facilities
Addressing the challenges of social exclusion and the government's responsibility in providing essential services.
A study of Adivasis, Muslims, and other groups who experience social and economic exclusion.
How marginalised groups use the Constitution and laws to fight against discrimination.
The role of the government in providing water, healthcare, and sanitation to all citizens.
How the government regulates markets and private companies to protect workers and consumers.
Understanding the rights of consumers and the importance of the Consumer Protection Act.
How citizen groups and non-governmental organizations advocate for the rights of the marginalised.