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Social, Personal and Health Education (SPHE) · 2nd Year

Active learning ideas

Dealing with Conflict and Bullying

Conflict is an inevitable part of life, but bullying is a deliberate and repeated abuse of power. This topic helps second-year students distinguish between the two, aligning with SPHE Learning Outcomes 3.5 and 3.6. Students explore conflict resolution techniques, such as active listening and compromise, while also tackling the serious impact of bullying and cyberbullying. A major focus is placed on the 'bystander effect' and moving students toward becoming 'upstanders' who can safely intervene.

NCCA Curriculum SpecificationsSPHE LO 3.5: Apply conflict resolution skills in various scenariosSPHE LO 3.6: Understand the impact of bullying and how to respond
20–50 minPairs → Whole Class3 activities

Activity 01

Mock Trial50 min · Whole Class

Mock Trial: The Bystander's Dilemma

Present a scenario of a cyberbullying incident. Assign students roles as the 'bully,' the 'target,' and various 'bystanders' (those who liked the post, those who saw it and said nothing). The class 'judges' the level of responsibility each person holds.

How can we resolve disagreements peacefully?
AnalyzeEvaluateCreateDecision-MakingSocial Awareness
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Activity 02

Stations Rotation40 min · Small Groups

Stations Rotation: Conflict Resolution Tools

Set up stations for different resolution skills: 'I' Statements, Active Listening, Brainstorming Solutions, and The Art of the Apology. At each station, groups must solve a mini-conflict using only that specific tool.

What is the impact of cyberbullying?
RememberUnderstandApplyAnalyzeSelf-ManagementRelationship Skills
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Activity 03

Think-Pair-Share20 min · Pairs

Think-Pair-Share: Safe Intervention

Students brainstorm three ways to help a peer being bullied without putting themselves in physical danger. They share with a partner to evaluate which methods are most realistic for their specific school environment.

How can bystanders safely intervene?
UnderstandApplyAnalyzeSelf-AwarenessRelationship Skills
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A few notes on teaching this unit


Watch Out for These Misconceptions

  • Bullying is just 'banter' or part of growing up.

    The 'banter' excuse is common in Irish schools. Using a 'Banter vs. Bullying' sorting activity helps students see that if it is repeated, intentional, and involves a power imbalance, it is bullying, regardless of the intent.

  • If I don't start the bullying, I'm not involved.

    Students often think silence is neutral. Through simulations of the 'Bystander Effect,' students can see how silence actually empowers the bully and that doing nothing is a choice that affects the outcome.


Methods used in this brief