Active learning ideas
Economic growth and economic development are often used interchangeably, but they represent very different concepts. Growth is a quantitative increase in output (GDP), while development is a qualitative improvement in the quality of life. Students explore the Human Development Index (HDI) as a broader measure of progress, incorporating health and education alongside income.
Activity 01
Students research the HDI components (Life Expectancy, Education, GNI per capita) for four different countries. They display their data and the class 'tours' the room to identify why some countries have high growth but lower development.
What is the difference between economic growth and economic development?
Activity 02
Students are given a scenario of a country that discovers a massive oil reserve. They discuss in pairs how this could lead to massive economic growth without improving the lives of the average citizen.
How does the HDI provide a broader picture of a country's progress?
Activity 03
Groups look at Irish data from the 1950s versus today. They must identify three areas where we have seen 'growth' and three areas where we have seen 'development,' presenting their findings as a visual timeline.
Can a country experience growth without development?
A few notes on teaching this unit
Watch Out for These Misconceptions
If a country is getting richer (growth), it is automatically getting better (development).
Growth can occur alongside rising inequality or environmental destruction. A 'case study' approach comparing two nations with similar growth rates but different social policies helps students see the role of government in development.
Development is only a concern for 'poor' countries.
Developed nations like Ireland still face development challenges, such as mental health access or educational equity. A classroom brainstorm on 'Ireland's next development goals' helps students apply the concept locally.
Methods used in this brief
Measuring Economic Performance
Critiquing the use of GDP, GNP, and GNI* as measures of economic growth and standard of living in Ireland.
8 methodologies
Sustainable Development and Climate Economics
Investigating the economic implications of climate change, carbon taxation, and the transition to a circular economy.
8 methodologies
The Economics of Population and Labour
Analysing demographic trends in Ireland, including migration, aging populations, and their impact on the labour market and public finances.
8 methodologies