Active learning ideas
This topic focuses on the technology used to peek inside the living brain. Students evaluate four main techniques: fMRI, EEG, ERPs, and post-mortem examinations. They must understand the mechanics of each method and, more importantly, evaluate them in terms of spatial and temporal resolution. This is a highly technical part of the AQA Biopsychology unit that requires a clear grasp of scientific methodology.
Activity 01
Set up four stations, one for each brain-scanning technique. At each station, students must identify the 'Big Three': how it works, one major strength (e.g., spatial resolution), and one major weakness (e.g., cost or temporal resolution).
How does an fMRI differ from an EEG in measuring brain activity?
Activity 02
In pairs, students are given specific research scenarios (e.g., 'measuring the exact location of a tumour' vs 'measuring brain response to a millisecond sound'). They must choose the best technique for each and justify their choice using the concepts of spatial and temporal resolution.
What are the unique strengths of using post-mortem examinations?
Activity 03
Divide the class into 'Post-Mortem Experts' and 'Scanning Experts.' The post-mortem group must teach the scanners why looking at a physical brain is still valuable, while the scanners explain the ethical and practical advantages of live imaging.
When is it most appropriate for researchers to use ERPs?
A few notes on teaching this unit
Watch Out for These Misconceptions
fMRI and EEG are basically the same thing.
They are very different: fMRI measures blood oxygenation (spatial), while EEG measures electrical activity (temporal). Using a side-by-side comparison chart in a collaborative setting helps students distinguish between 'where' the activity is and 'when' it happens.
Post-mortem examinations are outdated and no longer used.
Post-mortems remain vital for studying deep brain structures and neurobiology at a microscopic level that scans cannot yet reach. Peer teaching helps students appreciate the unique, high-detail evidence that only a post-mortem can provide.
Methods used in this brief
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