Canada · Ontario Curriculum Expectations
Grade 9 Mathematics
This course bridges the transition from arithmetic to abstract mathematical reasoning. Students explore the power of variables, the logic of spatial relationships, and the utility of data to solve complex real world problems.
The Power of Number and Proportion
Exploration of rational numbers, powers, and proportional reasoning to model physical phenomena.
Understanding the density of rational numbers and their application in precise measurement.
Investigating exponent laws and scientific notation as tools for managing scale.
Applying ratios, rates, and percentages to solve multi step financial and scientific problems.
Patterns and Algebraic Generalization
Moving from concrete patterns to abstract algebraic expressions and linear relationships.
Translating verbal descriptions and physical patterns into formal mathematical expressions.
Analyzing how variables interact through tables, graphs, and equations.
Developing strategies to isolate variables and solve multi step linear equations.
Geometric Logic and Spatial Reasoning
Applying geometric theorems and properties to solve problems involving shapes and space.
Investigating how shapes move and change while retaining their fundamental properties.
Using scale factors and proportions to analyze similar triangles and polygons.
Exploring the relationships between chords, tangents, and central angles in circles.
Measurement and Dimensional Analysis
Calculating surface area and volume of complex 3D objects and understanding measurement limits.
Deconstructing complex 3D objects into simpler shapes to calculate total surface area.
Applying formulas to determine the space occupied by prisms, cylinders, and pyramids.
Understanding the impact of measurement uncertainty on final calculations.
Data, Probability, and Decision Making
Analyzing data sets and probability models to make informed predictions and critiques.
Evaluating how data collection methods influence the validity of conclusions.
Creating and interpreting graphs to communicate complex information effectively.
Calculating the likelihood of events and using probability to assess risk.
Financial Literacy and Economic Models
Applying mathematical principles to personal finance and economic decision making.
Understanding the mathematical mechanics of simple and compound interest.
Creating financial plans that balance income, expenses, and savings goals.
Analyzing unit prices, discounts, and taxes to make optimized purchasing decisions.