Canada · Ontario Curriculum Expectations
Grade 9 Geography
This course investigates the diverse physical and human landscapes of the planet with a focus on Canadian and global perspectives. Students analyze spatial patterns, environmental challenges, and the complex relationships between people and their surroundings.
The Geographer's Toolkit
An introduction to the essential skills of geographic inquiry, including mapping technologies and spatial analysis.
Understanding how various map projections and scales influence our perception of global proportions and distances.
Exploring the applications of GPS, GIS, and remote sensing in modern geographic study and industry.
Physical Systems and Processes
Examining the natural forces that shape the Earth's surface and create diverse physical environments.
Analyzing how internal Earth processes create landforms and influence human settlement patterns.
Investigating the factors that influence global climate zones and the impact of extreme weather events.
Exploring the distribution of water resources and the management of global watersheds.
Human Populations and Migration
Studying the trends in global population growth, distribution, and the movement of people.
Using demographic models to understand birth rates, death rates, and population aging.
Analyzing the push and pull factors that drive internal and international migration.
Investigating the rapid growth of cities and the challenges of sustainable urban planning.
Global Economic Systems
Analyzing how resources are extracted, traded, and consumed within the global economy.
Examining the tension between economic development through resource extraction and environmental preservation.
Tracing the flow of goods and services and the impact of global supply chains.
Investigating how different farming practices impact the environment and food security.
Culture and Identity
Exploring how culture is expressed across space and how it shapes the human experience.
Identifying the visible imprints of human culture on the natural environment.
Studying the organization of political space and the causes of territorial conflict.
Environmental Interaction and Sustainability
Evaluating the human impact on the planet and the strategies for a sustainable future.
Analyzing global and local responses to the climate crisis.
Tracing the life cycle of consumer products and the geography of waste disposal.
Evaluating the progress of the United Nations SDGs in different geographic regions.