Canada · Ontario Curriculum Expectations
Grade 10 Geography
This course explores the complex relationships between physical environments and human societies. Students analyze spatial patterns, environmental challenges, and the socio-economic forces that shape our modern world through a geographic lens.
Geographic Foundations and Spatial Skills
An introduction to the tools of geography, focusing on how geographers use data and technology to interpret the world.
Students learn to interpret various map projections and use GIS technology to visualize spatial data.
Exploration of the concepts of site and situation and how the characteristics of a location determine its development.
Physical Systems and Earth Processes
Investigation into the natural forces that shape the Earth's surface and the resulting landforms and climates.
Study of internal earth processes and how they create mountains, volcanoes, and rift valleys.
Analysis of the factors that influence global climate distribution and the impact of weather events.
Examination of the hydrological cycle and the geographic distribution of freshwater resources.
Human Population and Migration
Analysis of population trends, demographic shifts, and the movement of people across the globe.
Using population pyramids and demographic transition models to understand societal changes.
Investigation into the push and pull factors that lead to voluntary and forced migration.
Study of the rapid growth of cities and the challenges of modern urban planning.
Cultural Geography and Identity
Exploring how culture spreads and how it is influenced by the physical environment.
Examines how ideas, languages, and religions spread through trade, technology, and migration.
Analysis of the distribution of languages and the impact of language loss on global diversity.
Global Economics and Interdependence
Focusing on the distribution of resources, trade networks, and the gap between developed and developing nations.
Investigation into how goods move around the world and the impact of globalization on local economies.
Comparing fossil fuels and renewable energy sources in terms of geographic availability and impact.
Analysis of agricultural practices and the challenges of feeding a growing global population.
Environmental Challenges and Sustainability
Evaluating human impact on the planet and exploring strategies for a sustainable future.
Study of the geographic evidence for climate change and how different regions are adapting.
Examination of ecosystems under threat and the geography of protected areas.
Reviewing international efforts to create a more equitable and sustainable world by 2030.