Foundation English

Students will identify and describe basic story elements such as characters, setting, and main events in simple narratives.

Students will identify character traits and feelings based on their actions and expressions in stories.

Students will practice sequencing key events in a narrative in chronological order.

Students will identify simple cause-and-effect relationships within narratives.

Students will be introduced to different story genres like fairy tales, fables, and adventure stories, identifying their common features.

Students will identify simple themes or messages in stories, such as friendship or kindness.

Students will analyse how characters develop over the course of a narrative, exploring their motivations, internal conflicts, and relationships with other characters.

Students will deconstruct the narrative arc of complex texts, identifying exposition, rising action, climax, falling action, and resolution, and analysing their impact on the reader.

Students will analyse the development of the main plot and identify the role of subplots in enriching the narrative and developing characters.

Students will explore common character archetypes and analyse how characters can symbolise broader societal ideas or human experiences.

Students will make connections between literary texts and broader historical, cultural, or social contexts, as well as other texts.

Students will identify and produce rhyming words in spoken language.

Students will identify the beginning sound of spoken words.

Students will blend individual sounds (phonemes) to form simple words.

Students will segment simple words into their individual sounds.

Students will match individual letters to their corresponding sounds.

Students will learn to recognize and read common sight words instantly.

Students will identify and differentiate between short and long vowel sounds in words.

Students will learn to recognize and pronounce common consonant blends (e.g., bl, st) and digraphs (e.g., sh, ch).

Students will practice active listening skills, including making eye contact and showing engagement.

Students will practice expressing their ideas and needs clearly using simple sentences.

Students will learn to adjust their speaking volume and tone for different situations.

Students will develop and refine public speaking skills, including vocal projection, articulation, pacing, and engaging an audience for formal presentations.

Students will explore how facial expressions and gestures enhance spoken communication.

Students will practice asking relevant questions and providing clear answers in conversations.

Students will learn to facilitate and participate in structured debates and panel discussions, presenting arguments, responding to counter-arguments, and synthesising diverse viewpoints.

Students will practice extending and elaborating on the ideas shared by their peers.

Students will identify the parts of a book (cover, title, author, pages) and how to hold and turn pages correctly.

Students will practice tracking print from left to right and top to bottom on a page.

Students will use illustrations and pictures to help them understand the plot and characters in a story.

Students will make simple predictions about what will happen next in a story based on clues.

Students will infer meaning, themes, and authorial intent from complex textual evidence, moving beyond surface-level predictions.

Students will analyse complex character motivations, psychological states, and the internal and external factors that influence their decisions and development.

Students will identify the main idea of a simple text and recall key supporting details.

Students will use drawings to create and sequence a simple narrative.

Students will experiment with scribbling, drawing, and using letter-like shapes to represent ideas and words.

Students will write simple sentences to express ideas, focusing on capitalization and punctuation.

Students will craft narratives using advanced techniques such as varied sentence structure, figurative language, dialogue, and effective plot development.

Students will employ a range of descriptive language, including imagery, metaphors, similes, and personification, to create vivid and engaging narratives and poetry.

Students will integrate visuals (e.g., images, graphs, diagrams) with analytical captions and extended descriptions to create multimodal texts that convey complex information.

Students will identify key facts and information in simple non-fiction texts.

Students will use headings, pictures, and captions to understand non-fiction texts.

Students will evaluate the credibility of sources and identify explicit and implicit biases in various forms of information, distinguishing between fact, opinion, and propaganda.

Students will synthesise information from multiple, diverse sources to form a comprehensive understanding of a topic and support their own arguments.

Students will analyse the purpose and effect of visual elements, including photographic techniques, graphic design, and the relationship between image and text in various media.

Students will deconstruct how various text features (e.g., headings, subheadings, indexes, glossaries) and organisational patterns (e.g., compare/contrast, cause/effect) structure information and reflect authorial intent.

Students will identify rhyming words and simple rhythmic patterns in poems.

Students will identify words in poems that appeal to their five senses.

Students will analyse the effect of various figurative language techniques (e.g., metaphor, simile, personification, hyperbole) and poetic devices (e.g., alliteration, assonance, onomatopoeia) on mood, tone, and meaning in poetry.

Students will experiment with various poetic forms (e.g., sonnet, haiku, free verse, ballad) and structures, understanding how form influences meaning and expression.

Students will group words into simple categories (e.g., animals, food, colours).

Students will identify words that have similar meanings (synonyms).

Students will identify words that have opposite meanings (antonyms).

Students will explore semantic fields, categorising words based on their nuanced meanings, connotations, and associations, rather than simple categories.

Students will analyse antonyms, exploring how contrasting meanings contribute to literary effect, characterisation, and thematic development.

Students will identify different types of media (e.g., TV, books, internet, radio) and their purposes.

Students will learn basic rules for staying safe online, such as not sharing personal information.

Students will critically analyse various digital and multimodal texts (e.g., websites, social media, video essays, interactive narratives), evaluating their purpose, audience, and persuasive techniques.

Students will explore complex issues of digital citizenship, including cyber-ethics, online privacy, digital footprint, and responsible participation in online communities.