United States · Common Core State Standards
9th Grade World History I
Paleolithic Era through the First Global Age (~1750). US 9th Grade Social Studies covering early civilizations, classical empires, medieval societies, and the Age of Exploration.

01Foundations of Human Society
From the Paleolithic Era to the emergence of the first urban centers and complex societies.
Students will examine evidence of hunter-gatherer societies, tool development, and early human migration patterns.
Students will investigate the causes and consequences of the shift from nomadic hunting to settled agriculture.
Students will explore the innovations of Sumer, Babylon, and Assyria, focusing on writing, law, and urban development.
Students will examine how the Nile River shaped Egyptian life, governance, and religious practices.
Students will investigate the advanced urban planning of Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro and the mystery surrounding their decline.
Students will explore the Shang and Zhou dynasties, the concept of the Mandate of Heaven, and foundational Chinese cultural elements.
Students will examine the origins and development of Judaism, focusing on monotheism and its ethical impact.
Students will investigate the Phoenicians' role in maritime trade, the spread of their alphabet, and connecting the Mediterranean.
Students will synthesize knowledge of Mesopotamia, Egypt, Indus Valley, and China, comparing their foundational elements.

02Classical Civilizations & Belief Systems
The rise of massive empires and the philosophical foundations of the modern world.
Students will examine how Cyrus the Great and subsequent rulers managed a vast, multicultural empire through satrapies and tolerance.
Students will compare and contrast the political and social structures of Athens and Sparta.
Students will explore the foundational ideas of key Greek philosophers and their lasting impact on Western thought.
Students will analyze Alexander's conquests and the subsequent blending of Greek, Persian, Egyptian, and Indian cultures.
Students will investigate the evolution of Roman governance, the Punic Wars, and the struggle between social orders.
Students will examine the transition from Republic to Empire, the Pax Romana, and factors contributing to its eventual decline.
Students will explore the life of Jesus, the spread of Christian teachings, and its transformation into the Roman state religion.
Students will study the unification of India under the Mauryas, Ashoka's reign, and the Golden Age of the Gupta Empire.
Students will examine the Han dynasty's governance based on Confucianism and its role in the Silk Road trade networks.
Students will compare the political, economic, and social structures of classical empires (Greece, Rome, Persia, India, China).

03Post-Classical Transitions
The collapse of old empires and the rise of new religious and political structures.
Students will investigate why the Eastern Roman Empire survived and its role in preserving classical knowledge and bridging cultures.
Students will explore the life of Muhammad, the teachings of the Quran, and the rapid expansion of the Islamic faith.
Students will examine the Abbasid Caliphate, the House of Wisdom, and advancements in science, math, and medicine.
Students will analyze the decentralized political system of feudalism and the economic structure of manorialism.
Students will explore the Roman Catholic Church's role as a unifying force and political power in Western Europe.
Students will examine China's golden ages, focusing on technological innovations and societal structures like the civil service exam.
Students will study the Maya's advancements in mathematics, astronomy, and their complex city-states, as well as theories for their decline.
Students will analyze the emerging connections and interactions between different post-classical societies.

04Interconnected Worlds
The expansion of trade, conquest, and the movement of people and ideas.
Students will analyze the religious, economic, and political motivations behind the Crusades and their impact.
Students will examine Genghis Khan's conquests and the Mongol Empire's dual role as both destroyer and connector of civilizations.
Students will compare and contrast the land-based Silk Road and the maritime Indian Ocean trade networks.
Students will explore the wealth and cultural significance of Ghana, Mali, and Songhai, focusing on trans-Saharan trade.
Students will examine the causes, spread, and radical demographic, economic, and social impacts of the bubonic plague.
Students will study the Ottoman conquest of Constantinople and the establishment of a powerful Islamic state.
Students will examine the restoration of Chinese rule, the voyages of Zheng He, and the construction of the Forbidden City.
Students will explore the urban planning of Tenochtitlan, chinampas, and the complex social and religious structures of the Mexica.
Students will study the Inca's vast road systems, quipu record-keeping, and centralized administration in the Andes.

05Intellectual Rebirth & Religious Reform
The Renaissance, Reformation, and the birth of modern scientific thought in Europe.
Students will explore the origins of the Renaissance in Italy, focusing on humanism, secularism, and artistic innovations.
Students will examine the spread of Renaissance ideas to Northern Europe, Christian humanism, and the impact of the printing press.
Students will investigate Martin Luther's 95 Theses and the fracturing of the Catholic Church's authority.
Students will examine the Catholic Church's response to Protestantism, including the Council of Trent and the Jesuits.
Students will explore the shift from traditional authority to empirical observation and the development of the scientific method.
Students will study the ideas of Locke, Montesquieu, and Rousseau regarding liberty, rights, and the social contract.
Students will explore the economic theories of Adam Smith and the social critiques of Voltaire and Diderot.

06The Age of Exploration
The encounters between the Old and New Worlds and the start of global integration.
Students will analyze the economic, religious, and political factors driving European exploration.
Students will examine the conquests of Cortes and Pizarro and the fall of the Aztec and Inca empires.
Students will investigate the global transfer of plants, animals, diseases, and technology between the Old and New Worlds.
Students will explore the origins and impact of the Atlantic Slave Trade, including the Middle Passage and its effects on Africa and the Americas.
Students will examine the economic theory of mercantilism and the rise of joint-stock companies in global trade.
Students will study the social hierarchy of the casta system, the encomienda system, and the role of the Catholic Church in Spanish America.

07The Rise of Absolute Monarchies
The consolidation of power in Europe and the emergence of modern nation-states.
Students will explore the theory of Divine Right and the centralization of power in the hands of European monarchs.
Students will examine Louis XIV's reign, the Palace of Versailles, and the expansion of French power as the height of absolutism.
Students will study Peter the Great's efforts to Westernize Russia and the founding of St. Petersburg.
Students will examine the conflict between Charles I and Parliament, the execution of the king, and the rise of Oliver Cromwell.
Students will study the bloodless transition to William and Mary and the establishment of constitutional monarchy.

08Global Empires & Change
The state of the world on the eve of the modern industrial and revolutionary era.
Students will examine Akbar the Great's policies of religious tolerance and the factors leading to the Mughal Empire's decline.
Students will study the unification of Japan under the Shogunate and its policy of isolation (Sakoku).
Students will examine the Manchu conquest of China, the expansion of the Qing Empire, and its responses to European pressure.
Students will analyze the demographic shifts caused by new world foods and migration patterns by the mid-18th century.
Students will synthesize the state of the world in 1750, anticipating the Industrial and Political Revolutions.