Existentialism and the Anti-Hero
Examine how existentialist philosophy influences the portrayal of the anti-hero in literature.
Key Questions
- Analyze how an anti-hero's struggle with meaninglessness reflects existentialist themes.
- Evaluate the choices made by an anti-hero through an existential lens.
- Compare the motivations of a traditional hero with those of an existential anti-hero.
Common Core State Standards
About This Topic
This topic examines the formal and informal mechanisms by which the US Constitution adapts to a changing society. Students study the rigorous two-stage process of amendment (proposal and ratification) outlined in Article V, analyzing why only 27 amendments have succeeded out of thousands proposed. They also explore 'informal' changes through judicial interpretation, executive action, and shifting customs.
For seniors, this topic emphasizes the Constitution's nature as a 'living' document that balances stability with flexibility. It connects to current movements for new amendments regarding term limits or the Electoral College. Students grasp this concept faster through structured discussion and peer explanation as they evaluate the merits of proposed amendments and the difficulty of achieving a national consensus.
Active Learning Ideas
Simulation Game: The Amendment Convention
The class proposes a new amendment (e.g., 'Lowering the Voting Age to 16'). Students must navigate the 2/3 Congressional vote and the 3/4 State ratification process, experiencing how easily a small minority can block change.
Gallery Walk: The 'Failed' Amendments
Display posters of amendments that were proposed but never ratified (e.g., the Equal Rights Amendment, the Child Labor Amendment). Students rotate to identify why each failed and whether it should be revived today.
Think-Pair-Share: Informal vs. Formal Change
Provide examples like the 'Cabinet' (not in the Constitution) or 'Judicial Review.' Students discuss whether these informal changes are as legitimate as formal amendments and how they have changed the government's function.
Watch Out for These Misconceptions
Common MisconceptionThe President has a role in the formal amendment process.
What to Teach Instead
The President does not sign or veto amendments. Peer teaching about the 'State-led' nature of Article V helps students realize that the amendment process is one of the few areas where the Executive branch is constitutionally sidelined.
Common MisconceptionAmending the Constitution is supposed to be easy in a democracy.
What to Teach Instead
It was intentionally made difficult to prevent 'fickle' majorities from changing fundamental rights. A simulation of the 3/4 ratification requirement quickly demonstrates to students why only the most widely supported ideas survive.
Suggested Methodologies
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Frequently Asked Questions
Why is the 27th Amendment unique?
What is an 'Article V Convention'?
How can active learning help students understand the amendment process?
How does the Supreme Court 'informally' amend the Constitution?
Planning templates for English Language Arts
ELA
An English Language Arts template structured around reading, writing, speaking, and language skills, with sections for text selection, close reading, discussion, and written response.
unit plannerThematic Unit
Organize a multi-week unit around a central theme or essential question that cuts across topics, texts, and disciplines, helping students see connections and build deeper understanding.
rubricSingle-Point Rubric
Build a single-point rubric that defines only the "meets standard" level, leaving space for teachers to document what exceeded and what fell short. Simple to create, easy for students to understand.
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