JC 1 Chemistry

Examine the evolution of atomic models from Dalton to Rutherford, understanding experimental evidence.

Explore the Bohr model, quantized energy levels, and its explanation of atomic spectra.

Introduce the concept of electron shells and subshells (s and p only) as regions where electrons are found.

Apply Aufbau principle, Hund's rule, and Pauli exclusion principle to write electron configurations.

Understand the role of valence electrons in determining chemical properties and achieving stable electron configurations.

Explore the organization of the Periodic Table into groups and periods and its relationship to electron configuration.

Investigate general trends in metallic/non-metallic character and reactivity across periods and down groups.

Study the physical and chemical properties of halogens and their compounds.

Examine the characteristic properties and reactions of alkali metals.

Introduce transition metals as a block of elements with characteristic properties like forming coloured compounds.

Explain the formation of ionic bonds through the transfer of electrons between metal and non-metal atoms to achieve stable electron configurations.

Relate the structure of ionic compounds to their physical properties.

Understand the 'sea of delocalized electrons' model for metallic bonding.

Forming covalent bonds and drawing Lewis structures for simple molecules and polyatomic ions.

Introduce the concept of weak forces between simple molecules and their influence on physical properties.

Relate intermolecular forces to the physical properties of simple molecular substances.

Study the structures and properties of giant covalent networks like diamond, graphite, and silicon dioxide.

Define and calculate relative atomic, isotopic, and molecular masses.

Defining the mole as the SI unit of amount of substance and applying the Avogadro constant (6.022 × 10²³ mol⁻¹) to interconvert between the number of particles, moles, and mass using relative molecular or atomic mass.

Determine empirical and molecular formulae from percentage composition or combustion data.

Perform calculations involving reacting masses, volumes of gases, and concentrations of solutions.

Calculate and interconvert different units of concentration (mol/dm³, g/dm³).

Understand the concept of molar volume of gases at room temperature and pressure (r.t.p.) and standard temperature and pressure (s.t.p.).

Applying stoichiometry to volumetric analysis involving acid-base reactions.

Differentiate between exothermic and endothermic reactions based on energy changes and temperature observations.

Define reaction rate and methods for measuring it experimentally.

Explain reaction rates based on collision frequency, energy, and orientation.

Exploring how temperature and catalysts influence the frequency and success of collisions.

Understand the characteristics of a system at dynamic equilibrium.

Predicting the response of a system at equilibrium to changes in concentration, pressure, and temperature.

Define acids, bases, and alkalis, and understand their characteristic properties.

Understand the pH scale as a measure of acidity/alkalinity and the use of indicators.