Singapore · MOE Syllabus Outcomes
Secondary 4 Principles of Accounts.
The Secondary 4 Principles of Accounts syllabus develops students' understanding of accounting principles and their application to business scenarios. It equips students with the skills to prepare, analyse, and interpret financial statements for informed decision-making.
01Accounting for Non-Current Assets
This unit explores the accounting treatment for non-current assets over their useful life. Students will learn to distinguish between capital and revenue expenditure, calculate depreciation, and record the disposal of assets.
Students will differentiate between capital and revenue expenditures and understand their impact on financial statements.
Students will calculate depreciation using straight-line and reducing-balance methods and record the relevant journal entries.
Students will learn the accounting procedures for the sale of non-current assets and calculate the gain or loss on disposal.
02Accounting for Current Assets
This unit focuses on the valuation and management of current assets, specifically inventory, trade receivables, and cash at bank.
Students will apply the prudence theory to value inventory at the lower of cost and net realisable value.
Students will account for trade receivables, bad debts, and the allowance for impairment of trade receivables.
Students will prepare bank reconciliation statements to identify discrepancies between the cash book and bank statements.
03Financial Statements with Adjustments
Students will prepare complete financial statements for a sole proprietor, incorporating year-end adjustments and correcting accounting errors.
Students will adjust income and expense accounts for accruals and prepayments at the end of the financial year.
Students will prepare the Statement of Comprehensive Income and Statement of Financial Position for a trading business.
Students will identify accounting errors, prepare journal entries to correct them, and understand their impact on profit.
04Financial Analysis and Decision Making
This unit introduces the use of financial ratios to analyse business performance and the importance of professional ethics in accounting.
Students will calculate and interpret profitability ratios such as gross profit margin, mark-up, and return on equity.
Students will calculate and interpret liquidity ratios, including the working capital ratio and quick ratio, to assess short-term financial health.
Students will evaluate the overall performance of a business by comparing financial ratios over time or against competitors.
Students will explore the ethical responsibilities of accountants, focusing on integrity and objectivity in financial reporting.